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| 1862 | Kahr, Gustav Ritter von |  |
| 29th Nov Wesenburg Birth of Gustav Ritter von Kahr |
| 1879 | Papen, Franz von | |
| 29th Oct Werl Birth of Franz von Papen, Werl, Westphalia to a wealthy noble family |
| 1882 | Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| 7th April Brandenburg Birth of Kurt von Schleicher |
| 1890 | Kahr, Gustav Ritter von | |
| Marries Ella Schubeck |
| 1918 | Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Berlin The new model Reichswehr armed forces, limited by the Treaty of Versailles to 100,000 army soldiers and 15,000 seamen, remains fully under the control of the German officer class despite its nominal re-organisation |
| 31st July Berlin the 1871 constitution is amended to make the Reich a parliamentary democracy, which the government had refused for half a century, the Chancellor is henceforth responsible to Parliament, the Reichstag, and no longer to the Kaiser |
| 31st July Berlin The Weimar Republic is adopted |
| 29th Oct Berlin The crews of two ships in Wilhelmshaven mutiny, when the military arrest about 1,000 seamen and have them transported to Kiel, the Wilhelmshaven mutiny turns into a general rebellion that quickly swept over most of Germany |
| 7th Nov Berlin The revolution had reaches Munich, causing King Ludwig III of Bavaria to flee |
| 9th Nov Berlin In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchy's fall, reluctantly accepts |
| 1918 | Eisner, Kurt | |
| Bavaria Eisner is assassinated & Bavaria joins the Weimar Republic |
| 1918 | Liebknecht, Karl | |
| 9th Nov Berlin A Soviet republic was proclaimed, at the Berliner Stadtschloss by a left-wing radical named Karl Liebknecht |
| 1918 | Maximilian of Baden | |
| 3rd Oct Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 3rd Oct Appointed Foreign Minister |
| 22nd Oct Berlin The Reichstag votes for equal suffrage |
| 28th Oct Berlin The Kaiser signs amended constitution |
| 4th Nov Kiel 1st day of the Kiel Mutiny |
| 5th Nov Berlin The first day of the General Strike in Berlin |
| 7th Nov Berlin Bavaria is declared a republic |
| 7th Nov Berlin In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchy's fall, reluctantly accepts |
| 7th Nov Cologne Sailors capture Cologne |
| 7th Nov Berlin The Demobilization office is setup |
| 7th Nov Berlin The Red flag is raised over the Imperial Palace in Berlin |
| 8th Nov Revolutionaries sieze 11 major cities |
| 9th Nov Berlin Resigns as Chancellor & Foreign Secretary |
| 9th Nov Berlin The Kaiser abdicates |
| 9th Nov Berlin Wilhelm II refuses to abdicate, Prince Max of Baden simply announces that he had done so and frantically attempts to establish a regency under another member of the House of Hohenzollern |
| 1918 | Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| 9th Nov Berlin Scheidemann, concerned in the face of a possible workers' revolution in Berlin, proclaims the Republic from a balcony in the Reichstag building, without consulting any of his colleagues |
| 9th Nov Berlin The Weimar Republic is proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building in Berlin, to the fury of the Reichskanzler, who still hoped to preserve the monarchy |
| 1918 | Wilhelm II | |
| 7th Nov "Majority Social Democrats" (MSPD, who support a parliamentary system) put themselves at the front of the revolutionary movement & demand that Emperor Wilhelm II abdicate |
| 1919 | Bauer, Gustav | |
| Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 20th June Versailles Bauer's cabinet approves the Treaty of Versailles to avoid an Allied invasion |
| 28th June Alsace Lorraine Alsace-Lorraine is ceded to France |
| 28th June Versailles German colonies are divided between the Allies |
| 28th June Versailles Germany is to accept war guilt & pay reparations to the Allies |
| 28th June Rhineland Included in the Treaty is the demilitarization of the Rhineland |
| 28th June Posen Posen is ceded to Poland |
| 28th June Prussia Prussia is ceded to Poland |
| 28th June Versailles The treaty of Versailles is signed |
| 28th June Saarland Under the Treaty of Versailles the Saar is to be administered by the League of Nations |
| 7th July Berlin The Treaty of Versailles is ratified by Germany |
| 12th July North Sea The Blockade of Germany by the Allies is lifted |
| 1919 | Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Jan Weimar The Weimar Constitution creates a republic under a semi-presidential system with the Reichstag elected by proportional representation |
| 19th Jan Weimar To avoid the ongoing fights in Berlin, the National Assembly convenes in the city of Weimar, giving the future Republic its unofficial name |
| 11th Feb Berlin Appointed Commander-in-Chief |
| 11th Feb Appointed Provisional Reich President by the National Constitutional Assembly |
| 1919 | Erzberger, Mathias | |
| Appointed Minister of Finance |
| 1919 | Nadolny, Rudolf | |
| Berlin Appointed first Secretary to the President of the Weimar Republic |
| 1919 | Noske, Gustav | |
| Appointed Minister of Defense |
| 1919 | Preuss, Hugo | |
| Appointed Minister of the interior by Scheidemann |
| Berlin A President can invoke article 48 to suspend civil rights & assume dictatorial power |
| Berlin Drafts the new German Constitution |
| Berlin Germany is to be headed by a popularly elected President |
| Berlin The state will consist of the Reichstag, elected Parliament & Reichsrat |
| 11th Aug Berlin The Republic's first Reichspr„sident ("Reich President"), Friedrich Ebert of the SPD, signs the new German constitution into law |
| 1919 | Scheidemann, Philip | |
| The first Prime Minister, forms the "Weimar coalition" of SPD, Centre Party & DDP |
| 1919 | Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| Feb Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1st June Rhineland The Rhineland Republic is declared with the support of France |
| 19th June Versailles Refuses to sign the treaty of Versailles |
| 20th June Berlin Resigns rather than sign the treaty of Versailles |
| 1920 | Erzberger, Mathias | |
| Berlin Forced to resign after accusations of financial misdealing |
| 26th Aug Berlin Assassinated by rightist extremists, a symbol of "defeatism" |
| 26th Aug Berlin Death of Mathias Erxberger, assassinated |
| 1920 | Fehrenbach, Konstantin | |
| A coalition of the Centre, German Democratic Party & the German Peoples Party |
| Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 10th Jan Berlin The Treaty of Versailles comes into effect |
| 1920 | Groener, Karl Eduard Wilhelm | |
| Appointed Minister of Trans port |
| 1920 | Noske, Gustav | |
| Appointed President of the Hanover Province |
| Berlin Resigns after the Kapp Putsch |
| 1920 | Rathenau, Walter | |
| 10th May Joseph Wirth and Walter Rathenau announce their "Policy of Fulfillment" |
| 1920 | Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| Kassel Appointed Mayor of Kassel |
| 1920 | Seeckt, Hans von | |
| 13th Mar Berlin Informs Noske the army will not fire on the free corps, Noske resigns |
| 1920 | Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| 10th May Joseph Wirth and Walter Rathenau announce their "Policy of Fulfillment" |
| 1921 | Bernstorf | |
| Berlin Appointed Deputy in the Reichstag |
| 1921 | Papen, Franz von | |
| Berlin Appointed Deputy of the Prussian Landtag |
| 1921 | Rathenau, Walter | |
| Appointed Minister of Reconstruction |
| 1921 | Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 1st term |
| Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 2nd term |
| Silesia The League of Nations announces Poland will have Upper Silesia with 4/5 of mines |
| 24th Jan Paris The Paris Conference fixes German war reparations |
| 1st Mar The Allies enter Germany to enforce reparations |
| April Reparations payments are to be made in cash or by such in-kind commodities as steel and coal |
| April The reparations bill is tallied when the Reparations Commission determines that damages caused by Germany amount to $33 billion or 133 billion gold marks |
| 27th April Allied Reparations Committee levels 33 billion war reparations debt onto Germany; commands the handing over of 26% of all exports for 42 years and puts the Germans immediately into 12 billion in arrears |
| Sep An economic crisis grips Germany which causes runaway inflation and ends additional reparations installments |
| Sep An initial payment of $250 million reparations is made |
| 4th Nov German currency begins to collapse |
| 1922 | Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| 15th June Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1922 | Ebert, Friedrich | |
| 20th Mar Rhineland President Harding orders the US. troops back from the Rhineland |
| Oct Appointed Reich President, 2nd term |
| 1922 | Rathenau, Walter | |
| Appointed Foreign Minister |
| Genoa Represents Germany at the Genoa Conference as part time Foreign Minister |
| Rapallo Russia & Germany resume relations |
| Rapallo Signs the treaty, Russia & Germany agree not to claim reparations from each other |
| 6th Jan Cannes Represents Germany at the Cannes Conference |
| 4th June Berlin After the assassination the President issues "the decree to protect the Republic" |
| 4th June Berlin Caused by extremist reaction to the establishmment of the Weimar Republic |
| 1922 | Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Berlin Passes the Law for the Protection of the Republic after the assassination of Rathenau |
| 22nd Nov Dr. Wirth leaves office |
| 1923 | Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| 22nd June Berlin 622,000 Marks to the pound sterling, halved in value in one month |
| 12th Aug Berlin Resigns due to the collapse of the German economy |
| 1923 | Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Ruhr Occupation of the Ruhr leads to hyper-inflation |
| Ruhr The Ruhr is occupied by the French & Belgiums after non-payment of reparations |
| 1923 | Hilferding, Rudolf | |
| Appointed Minister of Finance, 1st term |
| 1923 | Kahr, Gustav Ritter von | |
| Berlin Appointed Reichcommissioner in Bavaria during a stae of emergency |
| 8th Nov Munich Holds a meeting of Nationalists to mark the 5th anniversary of the WW1 armistice |
| 1923 | Knilling, Eugen von | |
| 26th Sep Bavaria Declares a state of emergency in Bavaria |
| 1923 | Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| Berlin Arrested for his part in the Munich Beer Hall putsch |
| 9th Nov Munich Arrives in the Burgerbraukeller in support of the putsch to take control of the Army |
| 9th Nov Munich Proposes the march through Munich which gives the NAZI's their 1st martyrs, 14 killed |
| 1923 | Marx, Wihelm | |
| Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 1st term |
| 1923 | Schacht, Horace Greeley Hjalmar | |
| Appointed President of the Reichsbank, 1st term |
| 1923 | Schoerner, Ferdinand | |
| Munich Helps suppress the Beer-Hall Putsch in Munich |
| 1923 | Stressman, Gustav | |
| Appointed Foreign Minister |
| Munich Restores order after the Munich Beer Hall Putcsh |
| 13th Aug Berlin Appointed Chancellor in the "Great Coalition" |
| 13th Aug Heads a coalition government |
| 26th Sep Berlin Declares an end to passive resistance in the Ruhr |
| 26th Sep Berlin Declares resumption of reparations payments & a state of emergency |
| 26th Sep New Chancellor Gustav Streseman ends the passive resistance during French occupation of the Ruhr |
| Oct Hamburg Bloody street riots in Hamburg between communists and the police |
| Oct Saxony In Saxony and Thuringia the coalition-governments of KPD and SPD protest against the prohibition of the communist and socialist press, the Reichwehr forces these governments to resign |
| Oct Bavaria The Bavarian government takes direct control over the local parts of the Reichswehr |
| 21st Oct Berlin A Rhineland Republic supported by Belgium & France is declared at Aachen |
| 21st Oct With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval |
| 24th Oct Pfalz With French support, separatists try to declare an independet "Autonomous Pfalz" in Speyer |
| 25th Oct Hamburg Hamburg uprising suppressed |
| 8th Nov Munich Beer Hall Putsch in Munich |
| 9th Nov Munich Beer Hall Putsch is crushed |
| 15th Nov Rentenmark issued; pegged to the Gold Standard; Rentenmark 4.2 = 1 US dollar; at this time |
| 23rd Nov Berlin Forced to resign after the Social Democrats leave the coalition |
| 1924 | Ebert, Friedrich | |
| 23rd Dec Magdeburg Convicted of complicity in a Jan 1918 strike at a munitions factory |
| 1924 | Hitler, Adolf | |
| 1st April Munich Given 5 years for the Munich Beer Hall putsch, reduced to 6 months |
| 1924 | Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| 1st April Munich Ludendorf is acquitted for his part played in the Munich Beer Hall putsch |
| 1924 | Marx, Wihelm | |
| River Rhine At the London Conference gets agreement for Allied withdrawal from the Rhineland |
| London Gets agreement for speedier Allied withdrawal from the Rhineland |
| River Rhine The Dawes Plan, the US vice president helps to craft a plan for annual German installment payments, but avoids the more troublesome issue of the total amount owed |
| 29th Aug Dawes Plan agreed by Reichstag |
| 1924 | Stressman, Gustav | |
| 9th April Accepts the Dawes Plan form German reparations |
| 9th April Foreign loans (primarily from the USA.index.html title="History of USA">United States ) would be made available to Germany |
| 9th April Reparation payments would begin at 1 billion marks for the first year and should rise over a period of four years to 2.5 billion marks per year |
| 9th April The Dawes Plan provides short term economic benefits to the German economy, It softens the burdens of war reparations, stabilizes the currency, and attracts increased foreign investments and loans to the German market |
| 9th April The German Reichsbank would be reorganized under Allied supervision |
| 9th April The Ruhr area is to be evacuated by Allied occupation troops |
| 9th April The sources for the reparation money should include transportation, excise, and custom taxes |
| 1925 | Ebert, Friedrich | |
| 12th Feb Berlin Death of Friedrich Ebert, from the effects of an appendicitis operation |
| 1925 | Hindenburg, Paul Ludwig Hans von | |
| 26th April Appointed President of Germany, 1st term |
| 1925 | Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| 29th Mar Persuaded by Hitler to stand as President, wins only 211,000 of 27,000,000 votes cast |
| 1925 | Marx, Wihelm | |
| Stands as President but defeated by Hindenburg |
| Wins 13.7 million votes to Hindenburg's 14.6 million |
| 1925 | Stressman, Gustav | |
| Locarno Germany and Belgium, and Germany and France, would not attack each other or resort to war against each other, except in legitimate self-defence |
| Locarno Germany signs arbitration conventions with France and Belgium and arbitration treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, refering disputes to an arbitral tribunal or to the Permanent Court of International Justice |
| Locarno In its final form the treaty of Mutual Guarantee, or Rhineland Pact, as it was more popularly known, confirmed Germany's frontiers with Belgium and France as established at Versailles , including the DMZ |
| Locarno The Council of the League is required to rule on alleged breaches of the treaty & Britain & Italy are, as guarantors, only obliged to intervene without awaiting such a decision in the event of a 'flagrant contravention' |
| Locarno The principle treaty is signed between Germany, France, Belgium, Britain, and Italy, under which the first three signatories undertook not to attack each other, with the latter two acting as guarantors |
| 9th Jan German note sent to France suggesting western security pact |
| 25th Jan German note sent to London suggesting western security pact |
| 9th Feb Locarno Follows Stressman's proposal for a reciprocal of his country's western frontiers as established under the 1919 treaty of Versailles , as a means of facilitating Germany's rehabilitation among the western powers |
| 5th Oct Locarno Germany's security pact proposals result in the Locarno treaties |
| 1926 | Marx, Wihelm | |
| The armed forces secretly co-operate with the Russian Red Army |
| 24th April Berlin treaty of friendship & neutrality between Germany & Russia |
| 16th May Berlin Marx cabinet of the Center, BVP, DDP, DVP, 2 term |
| 20th June Referendum on expropriation of princely families |
| 10th Sep Germany enters League of Nations |
| Dec Resigns after Scheidemann reveals secret support between the German & Russian Armies |
| 1926 | Scheidemann, Philip | |
| Dec The government falls after Scheidemann exposes links between German & Russian Armies |
| 1926 | Stressman, Gustav | |
| Berlin Accepts the Locarno Pact |
| Berlin Obtains Germany's admission into the League of Nations |
| 24th April German-Soviet non-aggression pact |
| 1927 | Marx, Wihelm | |
| 29th Jan Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 3rd term |
| 29th Jan Marx's 3rd cabinet leaves office |
| 31st Jan Allied military control comes to an end |
| 16th July Unemployment Insurance Law passed |
| 1927 | Stressman, Gustav | |
| Jan The Allied Control Commission is withdrawn from Germany |
| 1928 | Groener, Karl Eduard Wilhelm | |
| Appoints Schleicher as right hand man in the Ministry of Defense |
| Berlin Puts Schleicher in charge of the Ministry Bureau for relations with the media |
| 1928 | Hess, Rudolph | |
| Berlin Succeeds in raising funds from Fritz Thyssen |
| 1928 | Hilferding, Rudolf | |
| Appointed Minister of Finance, 2nd term |
| 1928 | Marx, Wihelm | |
| 20th May The SDP win 153 seats, short of a majority |
| 19th June Marx's 4th cabinet leaves office |
| 1928 | Muller, Hermann | |
| 28th June Berlin Appointed Chancellor |
| 4th Oct A referendum to stop the construction of new battleships is defeated |
| 1928 | Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| Appointed Head of the Ministeramt within the Ministry of Defence |
| Liaises between the armed services & other ministries |
| 1928 | Stressman, Gustav | |
| Berlin Signs the Kellog-Briand Pact |
| 1929 | Stressman, Gustav | |
| Berlin Accepts the Young Plan |
| Stresemann proposes that France, Germany and Belgium should recognize as permanent their frontiers that were agreed at Versallies |
| 8th Feb Berlin Germany accepts the Kellog-Briand Pact |
| 9th Feb Litvinov Protocol between Russia, Estonia, Latvia & Poland renouncing war |
| 3rd Oct Berlin Death of Gustav Stressman |
| 1929 | Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Appointed Minister of the occupied provinces |
| 1930 | Bruening, Heinrich | |
