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| 0645 | Cenwalh Rule of Wessex |  |
| Wessex Penda drives Cenwalh out of Wessex |
| 0645 | Cenwealh Exile of Cenwealh | |
| East Anglia Penda forces Cenwealh into exile |
| 0645 | Cenwealh Invasion of Wessex | |
| Wessex Penda invades Wessex after Cenwealh abandons his wife, Penda's sister |
| 0628 | Cwichelm Battle of Cirencester | |
| Cirencester Cwichelm & Cynegils are defeated by Penda |
| 0628 | Cwichelm Rule of Cirencester | |
| Cirencester After the battle of Cirencester Gloucester & Cirencester pass into Mercian control |
| 0628 | Cwichelm Rule of Gloucester | |
| Gloucester After the battle of Cirencester Gloucester & Cirencester pass into Mercian control |
| 0628 | Cynegils Battle of Cirencester | |
| Cirencester After the battle of Cirencester Gloucester & Cirencester pass into Mercian control |
| Cirencester Cwichelm & Cynegils are defeated by Penda |
| 0641 | Eowa Battle of Maserfeld | |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld Penda kills Oswald & Eowa |
| 0641 | Oswald Battle of Maserfeld | |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld After Maserfeld Northumbria divides, Oswine rules Deira & Oswy rules Bernicia |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld Defeated & killed by Penda |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld Oswald becomes regarded as a martyr & saint |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld Oswald's feat day becomes 5th August |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld The battle establishes Mercia as the leading Anglo-Saxon kingdom |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld Where Oswald falls becomes known as "Oswestry", "Oswald's Tree" |
| 0641 | Oswald Death | |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld Death of Oswald, killed at the battle of Maserfeld |
| 0641 | Oswald Oswestry | |
| 5th Aug Oswestry Where Oswald falls becomes known as "Oswestry", "Oswald's Tree" |
| 0641 | Oswy Rule of Bernicia | |
| Bernicia After Maserfeld Northumbria divides, Oswine rules Deira & Oswy rules Bernicia |
| 0628 | Penda Battle of Cirencester | |
| Cirencester After the battle of Cirencester Gloucester & Cirencester pass into Mercian control |
| Cirencester Cwichelm & Cynegils are defeated by Penda |
| 0641 | Penda Battle of Maserfeld | |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld Defeats & kills Oswald |
| 5th Aug Maserfeld The battle establishes Mercia as the leading Anglo-Saxon kingdom |
| 0655 | Penda Battle of Winwaed | |
| 15th Nov Winwaed Defeated & killed by King Oswy |
| 15th Nov Winwaed Killed at the battle of Winwaed |
| 15th Nov Winwaed Killed at the battle of Winwaed |
| 15th Nov Winwaed Killed by King Oswy while invading Bernicia |
| 0628 | Penda Capture of Hwicce | |
| Hwicce Captures Hwicce |
| 0655 | Penda Death | |
| Mercia Death of Penda, Oswy kills Penda in battle, the last great pagan King |
| 0654 | Penda Invasion of Bernicia | |
| Bernicia Penda launches an attack with Aethelhere & Cadafael on Bernicia |
| 0645 | Penda Invasion of Wessex | |
| Wessex Penda invades Wessex after Cenwealh abandons his wife, Penda's sister |
| 0628 | Penda Marriage | |
| Mercia Agrees to marry Cynewise, sister of Cynegils |
| 0628 | Penda Rule of Cirencester | |
| Cirencester After the battle of Cirencester Gloucester & Cirencester pass into Mercian control |
| 0628 | Penda Rule of Gloucester | |
| Gloucester After the battle of Cirencester Gloucester & Cirencester pass into Mercian control |
| 0645 | Penda Rule of Wessex | |
| Wessex Penda drives Cenwalh out of Wessex |
