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| 1958 | Cherenkov, Pavel |  |
| Moscow Winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, for work with radiation |
| 1958 | Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich |  |
| Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, for "Dr Zhivago" |
| 1964 | Basov, Nikolai Gennadevich |  |
| Winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, for research in lasers |
| 1964 | Prokhorov, Alexander |  |
| Moscow Winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, created the maser, a microwave laser |
| 1965 | Sholokhov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich |  |
| Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature |
| 1970 | Solzhenitsyn, Alexander |  |
| Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature |
| 1974 | Sato, Eisaku |  |
| Winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace |
| 1975 | Kantorovich, Leonid Vitaljevich |  |
| Moscow Won for the study of "linear programming", maximizing the output of limited resources |
| 1975 | Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich |  |
| Awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace, founder of the Soviet human rights committee |
| 1990 | Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich |  |
| For campaigning for human rights in Myanmar |
| 1991 | Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich |  |
| 5th June Mikhail Gorbachev receives his 1990 Nobel Peace Prize |