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| 0934 | Athelstan |  |
| Athelstan attacks the east coast of Scotland & reaches Fordun in the Mearns |
| Athelstan commands "a great army and fleet" into Scotland and lays waste to the country |
| 0934 | Constantine II |  |
| Fordun Athelstan attacks the east coast of Scotland & reaches Fordun in the Mearns |
| 1027 | Canute I | |
| Compels King Malcolm to pay a homage |
| 1031 | Canute I | |
| Canute arrives in Scotland & drives the Scottish Kings into temporary submission |
| 1031 | Malcolm II | |
| Scotia Canute arrives in Scotland & forces the Scottish Kings to submit to him |
| 1054 | Siward of Northumbria | |
| Edward the Confessor places Siward of Nothumbria in charge of the invasion of Scotland |
| Northumbria Malcolm III, "son of the king of the Cumbrians" is restored to his throne, as ruler of kingdom of Strathclyde |
| 1072 | William I the Conqueror | |
| Retaliates for Malcolm III's invasion of Northumbria, enters Lothian & reaches Fife |
| Abernethy William Invades Scotland reaching Perth, Malcolm III makes peace & becomes a vassal |
| 1097 | Edgar the Atheling | |
| Leads a Norman expedition to Scotland |
| 1209 | John | |
| John invades Scotland |
| 1294 | Edward I | |
| Edward decides to invade Scotland after Edward Balliol makes an alliance with France |
| 1295 | Edward I | |
| Edward I invades Scotland after John Balliol makes an alliance with France |
| 1296 | Edward I | |
| Berwick Demands John Balliol handover border castles, John refuses & is summonsed to Berwick |
| Edward I believes he has captured Scotland & leaves 3 magnates in authority |
| Newcastle Spring, assembles 4,000 cavalry & 25,000 infantry at Newcastle |
| 1st Mar Berwick John Balliol fails to appear at Berwick for his trial, Edward then invades Scotland |
| 28th Mar Coldstream Edward crosses the Tweed at Coldstream & marches down its left bank toward Berwick |
| June Montrose John Balliol surrenders to the English |
| 8th Aug Scone Edward I captures the Stone of Scone, symbol of kingship |
| 1296 | Warenne, John de | |
| Joins in Edward I's invasion of Scotland |
| 1297 | Wallace, William | |
| Drives the English out of Perth, Stirling & Lanark |
| 1298 | Edward I | |
| De Warrenne, the Earl of Surrey and Sussex having failed at Stirling to stop Wallace, forces Edward to march north himself |
| York Edward I assembles at York the largest invasion force to enter Scotland since the days of Agricola consusting of as many as 2,500 heavily armoured knights and at least 12,500 infantry |
| York Edward I moves the seat of government to York, a better base of operations for an invasion of Scotland |
| York Eight earls join Edward: the Marshal, the Constable, Ralph de Monthemer, Arundel, Guy of Warwick and the young Earls of Lancaster and Pembroke, each bringing their own large contingents of minor knights and infantry |
| The support from France ends for the Scots, with peace between Philip and Edward, and Edward I returns home from Gascony to deal with the Scots |
| June Roxburgh Edward I reviews his army which consists of 12,500 infantry, English, Welsh, and Irish, alongside the cavalry, the veterans of his French wars |
| 3rd July Coldstream Edward I crosses the Tweed by Coldstream with 12,500 or more foot and over 2,500 horse, veterans of his campaigns in France and Wales |
| 1300 | Edward I | |
| Edward I leads an invasion of Scotland against William Wallace |
| May Bury. Edmunds After staying briefly at the Abbey of Bury St. Edmunds, Edward I travels north to Carlisle |
| May Bury. Edmunds Pope demand that Edward withdraw from Scotland. Edward ignores the Pope but withdraws because of too much resistance |
| 18th May Bury Edmunds Edward I departs from Bury St Edmunds |
| 25th June Carlisle Edward I reaches Carlisle |
| July The Pope condemns Edward I's invasion of Scotland |
| 30th Oct Edward arranges a truce and returns to England |
| Dec Northampton Edward I retreats from Scotland & spends the winter at Northampton |
| 1300 | Edward II | |
| Edward II Accomponies Edward I on his invasion of Scotland against William Wallace |
| 1300 | Valence, Aymer de | |
| Takes part in the invasion of Scotland |
| 1301 | Edward I | |
| Linlithgow Edward I finds the land laid waste as he advanced into Scotland, stops at Linlithgow & builds a castle where he spends Chris tmas |
| Edward I leads another campaign into Scotland |
| 1301 | Edward II | |
| Appointed Commander of the English Army, has control of half of the invasion force |
| 1301 | Valence, Aymer de | |
| Takes part in the invasion of Scotland |
| 1302 | Edward I | |
| London Robert, grandson of the unsuccessful rival claimant to John Balliol, makes peace |
| 1302 | Robert I the Bruce | |
| Robert I the Bruce makes peace with Edward I |
| 1303 | Comyn, John | |
| The Scots appoint John Comyn Regent who with Simon Frazer repels the English & Segrave is captured |
| 1303 | Edward I | |
| An amnesty is proclaimed except for William Wallace |
| Urquhart Castle As part of Edward's campaign in Scotland he takes control of Urquhart Castle on Loch Ness |
| The Scots appoint John Comyn Regent who with Simon Frazer repels the English & Segrave is captured |
| May Arrives in Scotland to storm the country in revenge for the arrest of Segrave |
| May Edward's last invasion of Scotland |
| May William Wallace had returned to Scotland from France where he had been in exile & Edward takes an army into Scotland |
| Dec Dunfermline Abbey Edward spends the winter months at Dunfermline Abbey where he plans an attack on Stirling Castle |
| Dec Dunfermline Winters at Dunfermline |
| 1303 | Edward II | |
| 13th Mar Sets out at the head of an invasion force |
| May Edward II arrives in Scotland at the head of an invasion force |
| Dec Perth Edward II winters at Perth |
| 1303 | Frazer, Simon | |
| The Scots appoint John Comyn Regent who with Simon Frazer repels the English & Segrave is captured |
| 1303 | Robert I the Bruce | |
| Elgin Edward invades Scotland & advances as far as Elgin |
| 1303 | Segrave, John | |
| The Scots appoint John Comyn Regent who with Simon Frazer repels the English & Segrave is captured |
| 1303 | Valence, Aymer de | |
| Takes part in the invasion of Scotland |
| 1304 | Edward I | |
| Mar Stirling Castle Edward lays siege to Stirling Castle |
| April Edward I receives the surrender of some prominent Scottish Lords & returns to London |
| July Stirling Castle Stirling Castle surrenders |
| 1305 | Edward I | |
| After the execution of Wallace Edward I captures Scotland |
| William Wallace is betrayed & captured by the English |
| 1306 | Edward I | |
| Mar As soon as Edward I hears of Robert I's coronation he prepares for war |
| 20th May Edward holds a banquet and vows 'by the God of Heaven and these swans' to avenge the death of John Comyn and the treachery of the Scots |
| 1306 | Valence, Aymer de | |
| Perth By the middle of summer Pembroke make his base at Perth, where he was joined by many of the supporters of John Comyn |
| Leads Edward II's army against the Scots |
| 1307 | Edward I | |
| July Launches an invasion of Scotland but dies of dysentery |
| 3rd July Carlisle Leaves Carlisle |
| 6th July Burgh Upds Sets up camp at Burh-upon-Sands |
| 7th July England rereats from Scotland, major castles are recovered except Berwick & Stirling |
| 1307 | Edward II | |
| Joins his father, Edward I, on his invasion of Scotland |
| Dec Lanercost Edward I & Edward II winter at Lanercost Priory near Carlisle |
| 1310 | Edward II | |
| Leads a brief foray across the Scottish border & meets no resistance |
| 1310 | Warenne, John de | |
| Joins Edward II's invasion of Scotland |
| 1322 | Edward II | |
| Byland An attempt by Edward II to invade Scotland is defeated by Robert I |
| Edinburgh Invades Scotland & reaches Edinburgh but is forced to rereat |
| 30th May Agrees a 13 yr truce between England & Scotland |
| 1334 | Edward III | |
| Edward III invades again in 1334, but he accomplishes little and retreats in February 1335 due to bad weather |
| 1335 | Edward III | |
| Feb Edward III invades again in 1334, but he accomplishes little and retreats in February 1335 due to bad weather |
| July Edward III and Edward Balliol return again in July with an army of 13,000, and advance through Scotland, first to Glasgow and then Perth, where Edward III installs himself |
| 1336 | Edward III | |
| Returns from Scotland because of a threat of invasion by the French |
| The invasion is called off because of rumors of a French fleet sailing for Scotland |
| 1352 | Edward III | |
| Called Burnt Candlemas because, the Feast of the Purification of the Virgin |
| Invades Scotland from the Tweed to the Forth |
| 1385 | Richard II | |
| Edinburgh Leads an army as far as Edinburgh but the Scots are not brought out into battle |
| 1480 | Richard III | |
| Richard III launches a border raid into Scotland, curtain raiser for a full scale invasion in 1481 |
| 1481 | Richard III | |
| Invasion plans with Edward IV fail due to his failing health & financial problems |
| Launches a minor border raid into Scotland with Northumberland |
| 1482 | Richard III | |
| Fotheringay Richard & Edward IV meet James III's brother the Duke of Albany to plan an invasion |
| 1522 | Howard, Thomas | |
| Leads a raid into southern Scotland |
| 1541 | Henry VIII | |
| Haddonrig Orders the Northern levies over the Border but they are dispersed at Haddonrig |
| 1542 | Bowes, Robert | |
| Leads troops across the border into Scotland, followed by the Duke of Norfolk |
| 1543 | Edward VI | |
| 12th July The war in Scotland is directed at breaking the power of the "French party" (led by Cardinal Beaton and Mary of Guise/Lorraine, James V's wife), and at persuading the Scottish to agree to the treaty of Greenwich |
| 1543 | Henry VIII | |
| Edinburgh A period of "rough wooing" is marked by a 2 day burning of Edinburgh |
| 1544 | Henry VIII | |
| The invasions of 1544 and 1545 are led by Edward Seymour (Earl of Hertford; later Duke of Somers et) |
| 1544 | Seymour, Edward | |
| Seymour leads an invasion of Scotland |
| 1545 | Henry VIII | |
| The invasions of 1544 and 1545 are led by Edward Seymour (Earl of Hertford; later Duke of Somers et) |
| 9th Sep The Earl of Hertford launches a counter-offensive on the Scottish borders |
| 1546 | Henry VIII | |
| 29th May Seymour captures Edinburgh (1544) and Cardinal Beaton is murdered 29 May 1546, but the English are unable to reduce Scotland to obedience |
| 1547 | Bryan, Francis | |
| 1st Sep Leads a force of 2,000 light horse across the border into Scotland |
| 1547 | Clinton, Edward | |
| Commands the English fleet during the invasion of Scotland by Edward Seymour |
| 1547 | Seymour, Edward | |
| Launches an invasion of Scotland |
| 1559 | Howard, Thomas | |
| 25th Dec The Privy Council instructs Norfolk to assist the Scots against the French |
| 1560 | Elizabeth I | |
| 27th Feb the Scots provide a force for an invasion of Scotland by France |
| 15th July The English army withdraws from Scotland |
| 1646 | Charles I | |
| 31st May Montrose receives a letter from Charles I asking him to withdraw from Scotland |
| 1650 | Charles II | |
| April Caithness Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II |
| 1650 | Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 28th June Sets off with a force to invade Scotland |
| 22nd July Cross es the Scottish border at the head of an Army of 16,000 |
| 30th Aug Musselburgh Holds a council of war & decides to retreat to Dunbar & fortify the town |
| 1650 | Fleetwood, Charles | |
| 28th June Cross es the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell |
| 1650 | Lambert, John | |
| 28th June Cross es the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell |
| 1650 | Whalley, Edward | |
| 28th June Cross es the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell |
