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| 1157 | Sanchez III |  |
| Leon As Sanchez ascends the throne Leon breaks away |
| 1563 | Philip II | |
| William I resigns from the Dutch Council of State over Philip's Hispanicization |
| 1565 | Philip II | |
| Replies to William's appeal for toleration in The Netherlands by attacking heresy |
| 1566 | Philip II | |
| Aug Flanders Riots break-out in southern Flanders |
| 1567 | Alba | |
| Appointed Governor of the United Provinces |
| Forms a tribunal nicknamed the Council of Blood which executes or banishes 1,100 |
| Sentences 3,000 to death |
| To "make all the states into one kingdom with Brussels as its capital" |
| 1567 | Margaret of Parma | |
| Blois de Treslong demands religious toleration but is refused |
| Governess Margaret of Parma demands the Dutch nobles to swear an oath of allegiance |
| 13th Mar The Calvinists are defeated |
| 1567 | Philip II | |
| Governess Margaret of Parma demands the Dutch nobles to swear an oath of allegiance |
| Sends an Army led by the Duke of Alba into The Netherlands |
| Brussells The war begins after religious persecution & centralization of Government in Brussels |
| 13th Mar Oosterweel The Calvinists are defeated |
| Aug Tournai Tournai surreders to the Spanish, the ringleaders are executed |
| Aug Valenciennes Valenciennes surreders to the Spanish, the ringleaders are executed |
| 1568 | Alba | |
| 5th June Has Egmont executed, a loyal Roman Catholic subject |
| 5th June Has Hoorn executed, a loyal Roman Catholic subject |
| 1568 | Ferdinand Alvarez de | |
| 21st July Jemmingen The rebels lose 7,000 killed compared to Spain's 80 |
| 21st July Jemmingen Wishes to destroy the army of "Beggars" & crush an effective force of Dutch rebels |
| 20th Oct Jodoigne Destroys the rear of William's Army forcing him back to Germany |
| 1568 | Toledo | |
| 21st July Jemmingen Alva moves into the nth Netherlands, entices Louis into battle & defeats him |
| 1569 | Alba | |
| Introduces a tax in the Netherlands to pay for the Spanish Army of occupation |
| 1572 | Alba | |
| 12th July Haarlem Haarlem surrenders to the Spanish, the leaders are executed |
| 1572 | Ferdinand Alvarez de | |
| Alkmaar Defeated by the people of Alkmaar, prepared to open the dykes rather than surrender |
| Mons Prevents William of Orange from relieving Mons |
| 12th July Haarlem Captures Haarlem after a 7 month siege, the garrison occupants are all slaughtered |
| 1573 | Alba | |
| Philip replaces Alba with Requesens in The Netherlands |
| Haarlem Slaughters the entire garison |
| Oct Resigns as Viceroy of the Spanish Netherlands after several setbacks |
| 11th Oct Zuyder Zee A Dutch fleet defeats a Spanish squadron |
| 11th Oct Zuiderzee A Spanish fleet on the Zuiderzee is defeated by the Watergeuzen |
| 1573 | Avila, Sancho de | |
| 14th April Mookerheyde Louis of Nassau's Army is routed by a Spanish Army of 6,000 under Sancho de Avila |
| 1573 | Ferdinand Alvarez de | |
| Zeider Zee Defeated by a Dutch fleet, Alva resigns & is replaced as Viceroy by Luis de Requesens |
| 7th Harlem Captures Haarlem after a 7 month siege |
| 1573 | Philip II | |
| 11th Oct Zuiderzee A Spanish fleet on the Zuiderzee is defeated by the Watergeuzen |
| 1573 | Requesens y Zuniga, Luis de | |
| Oct Appointed Viceroy of the Spanish Netherlands |
| 1574 | Requesens y Zuniga, Luis de | |
| Jan Leyden Attempts to relieve Leyden by William of Orange & Louis of Nassau fail |
| Jan Walcheren The Sea Beggars smash another Spanish fleet |
| 1576 | Philip II | |
| 4th Nov Antwerp Philip's troops become undisciplined due to lack of pay & sack Antwerp |
| 8th Nov Ghent The "Pacification of Ghent" is signed between the nth & sth of the Netherlands |
| 1577 | John, Don | |
| Feb Vatican The Governor of The Netherlands signs the Eternal Edict to evacuate the Spanish Army |
| 24th July Madrid Captures Namur following disorder in the industrial cities |
| Dec Dismissed as Governor of The Netherlands by the States -General |
| 1577 | Philip II | |
| Feb Vatican The Governor of The Netherlands signs the Eternal Edict to evacuate the Spanish Army |
| 1597 | Rie, Jean de | |
| 24th Jan Turnhout Maurice marches with 7,000 troops & routs a 6,000 Spanish under Jean de Rie of Varas |
| 1609 | Philip III | |
| Madrid Recognizes the Independence of the northern provinces of The Netherlands |
| 1621 | Olivares | |
| Declares war after a 12 yr humiliating truce with The Netherlands |
| 1640 | Philip IV | |
| Portugal becomes independent from Spain |
| 1668 | Charles II | |
| Madrid The King's ministers grant Portugal its independence |
| 1782 | Grillon | |
| Port Mahon Captures Port Mahon after a 6 month siege |
| 5th Feb Minorca Captures all of Minorca except for Port Mahon |
| 1811 | Ferdinand VII | |
| 5th July Venezuela declares it's independence |
| 14th Aug Paraguay declares it's independence |
| 1812 | Monteverde, Juan Domingo | |
| July Puerto Cabello Simon Bolivar is forced to surrender to the royalist Spanish General Monteverde |
| 1813 | Monteverde, Juan Domingo | |
| 5th Dec Araure Bolivar defeats General Juan Domingo Monteverde |
| 1814 | Boves, Jose Tomas | |
| Feb La Victoria Bolivar defeats General Jose Tomas Boves |
| Mar San Mateo Bolivar defeats a Spanish force under Jose Tomas Boves |
| May Carabobo Bolivar defeats a Spanish force under Jose Tomas Boves |
| 1814 | Morillo, Pablo | |
| Aug Santa Maria Bolivar is defeated by the Spanish under Pablo Morillo & forced to flee to Jamaica |
| 1816 | Morillo, Pablo | |
| 16th Feb Barcelona Bolivar defeats Spanish forces under General Pablo Morillo |
| 1818 | Osorio, Mariano | |
| 16th Mar Cancha Rayada General Osorio narrowly defeats San Martin |
| 5th April Maipo San Martin routs Osorio's troops |
| 1819 | Barreiro, Jose Maria | |
| 7th Aug Boyaca 1,600 troops & several of the Spanish commanders, including Barreiro himself, are captured at the end of the battle |
| 7th Aug Boyaca Fights at the battle of Boyaca, Colombia, then known as New Granada, wins it's independence from Spain at the battle of Boyac |
| 1819 | Jiminez, Francisco | |
| 7th Aug Boyaca Fights at the battle of Boyaca, Colombia, then known as New Granada, wins it's independence from Spain at the battle of Boyac |
| 1820 | Morillo, Pablo | |
| 25th Nov Bolivar concludes an armistice with Pablo Morillo |
| 1821 | Morillo, Pablo | |
| 28th Jan Bolivar concludes an armistice with Pablo Morillo |
| 1821 | Torre, Miguel de La | |
| 25th June Carabobo Bolivar defeats the Spanish General Miguel de La Torre |
| 1824 | Canterac, Jose | |
| 24th Aug Junin Defeated by nationalists led by Simon Bolivar |
| 1824 | Serna, Jose de La | |
| 9th Dec Ayacucho Defeated by nationalists led by Sucre |
| 1902 | Alfonso XIII | |
| 20th May Cuba gains independence from Spain |
| 1956 | Franco-Bahamonde, Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo | |
| 7th April Spain recognizes the independence of Morocco |
