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| 1852 | Kruger, Paulus |  |
| 17th Jan Pretoria Africa Gains recognition from Britain of the independence of the Boer State of Trans vaal |
| 1854 | Grey, George |  |
| Appointed Lieutenant Governor of Sth Africa |
| 1857 | Pretorius, Marthinus | |
| Appointedrst President of the newly formed SouthAfrican Republic, 1st term |
| 1864 | Pretorius, Marthinus | |
| Pretoria Africa Elected President of the SouthAfrican Republic, 2nd term |
| 1869 | Pretorius, Marthinus | |
| Appointed President of the SouthAfrican Republic, 3rd term |
| 1870 | Smuts, Jan Christian | |
| 24th May Bovenplaats Africa Birth of Jan Chris tian Smuts |
| 1871 | Pretorius, Marthinus | |
| Vaal Africa The Volksraad refuses to ratify arbitration, depriving Boers of Vaal diamond fields |
| 1877 | Pretorius, Marthinus | |
| Orange Free Africa The British capture the Orange Free State & Pretorius joins the insurgent Boer leaders |
| 1883 | Kruger, Paulus | |
| 16th April Appointed President of Sth Africa |
| 1896 | Kruger, Paulus | |
| 31st Dec Pretoria Africa The Boer President calls on his countrymen to defend the state |
| 1904 | Jameson, Leanders Starr | |
| Appointed Prime Minister of Sth Africa |
| 1907 | La Rey | |
| Pretoria Africa Appointed Trans vaal Provisional Assembly |
| 1910 | Gladstone, William Ewart | |
| Appointed Governor General of Sth Africa |
| 1910 | La Rey | |
| Pretoria Africa Appointed Senate of the Union of SouthAfrica |
| 1910 | Malan, Francois Stephanus | |
| Appointed Minister of Education |
| 1912 | Botha, Louis | |
| Excludes Hertzog because of his policy of English-Dutch bilingualism |
| Dec Forms a new cabinet without Hertzog |
| 1915 | Botha, Louis | |
| Appointed Prime Minister of Sth Africa, 2nd term |
| 1918 | Malan, Francois Stephanus | |
| Appointed Acting Prime Minister of SouthAfrica |
| 1921 | Clifford, Bede Edmund Hugh | |
| Appointed Governor General of SouthAfrica |
| 1924 | Hertzog, James | |
| Forms a coalition Government with the SouthAfrica Labour Party |
| 1924 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Appointed Minister of Education |
| Appointed Minister of National Health by Hertzog |
| Appointed Minister of the Interior by Hertzog |
| Pretoria Africa Makes Afrikans the official language |
| Pretoria Africa Seeks to repatriate SouthAfrica's Indian minority |
| 1927 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Plays a major role in acquiring a national flag |
| 1931 | Villiers | |
| Appointed Governor General of the Union of SouthAfrica |
| 1931 | Villiers, George Herbert Hyde | |
| Appointed Governor General of the Union of SouthAfrica |
| 1933 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Refuses to serve in the coalition government cabinet but supports the coalition |
| 1933 | Smuts, Jan Christian | |
| Pretoria Africa Appointed Deputy Prime Minister |
| Appointed Minister of Justice |
| 1934 | Hertzog, James | |
| Forms the Fusion government |
| 1948 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Establishes a government with the support of the Afrikaner Party |
| Establishes an epoch of unbroken Nationalist rule |
| Pretoria Africa Responsible for introducing Apartheid |
| Pretoria Africa The Coloured Voters Bill to disenfranchise blacks is rejected by the courts |
| Pretoria Africa The Status of the Union Act abolishes 2/3 majority needed for constitutional change |
| Pretoria Africa The Status of the Union Act abolishes 2/3 majority vote for constitutional change |
| Pretoria Africa The Status of the Union Act abolishes the 2/3 majority for constitutional change |
| Pretoria Africa The Status of the Union Act & Statute of Westminster abolish 2/3 maj for const change |
| Pretoria Africa The Statute of Westminster abolishes the 2/3 majority for constitutional change |
| 3rd June Appointed Prime Minister of Sth Africa |
| 3rd June Pretoria Africa Forms the 1st all Afrikaner government, with a majority of 5 |
| 1949 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Citizenship Act, extends the franchise to Germans in Namibia |
| German Namibians support Malan, he is less dependent on the Afrikaner Party |
| Prohibition of Marriages Act, apartheid legislation |
| 1950 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Group Areas Act, to separate various races |
| Immorality Amendment Act, apartheid legislation |
| Population Registration Act, a national register based on race is compiled |
| Population Registration Act, a Race Classification Board is established |
| Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, apartheid legislation |
| The right of Appeal to the British Privy Council is abolished |
| The SouthAfrican Communist Party is banned by the Suppression of Communism Act |
| 1950 | Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Pretoria Africa Appointed Leader of the Senate |
| Appointed Minister of Native Affairs |
| Pretoria Africa Responsible for the implementation of Apartheid |
| 1951 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Bantu Authorities Act, apartheid legislation |
| Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act, apartheid legislation |
| Separate Representation of Voters Act, apartheid legislation |
| July Rejects ANC demands to repeal apartheid legislation |
| July The ANC, the Indian Congress & the Franchise Action Council demonstrate |
| 22nd Oct Malan's Herenigde National Party & Havenga's Afrikaner Party merge |
| 1952 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Natives Abolition of Passes & Co-ordination of Documents Act, apartheid legislation |
| Natives Act, pass laws compelling blacks to carry identification |
| Pretoria Africa Parliament is transormed into a High Court & validates the Coloured Voters Bill |
| Pretoria Africa The Supreme Court judges Apartheid as unconstitutional |
| 9th Feb Johannesburg Africa The forced evacuation of Sophiatown to Meadowlands takes place |
| 23rd April Pretoria Africa Passes legislation making Parliament a high court ensuring Apartheid's legality |
| 1953 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Meadowlands Africa A settlement area for 13 "ethnic groups" is created outside Johannesburg |
| Bantu Education Act, African education is moved to the Native Affairs Dept |
| Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, access to public amenities is based on race |
| Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, imposes a coloured bar in all public buildings |
| The Criminal Law Amendment Act is passed to suppress public unrest |
| The Public Safety Act is passed enabling the declaration of a state of emergency |
| 15th April The election is dominated by the political rights of Coloureds |
| 15th April The National Party increases its seats in the House of Assembly from 86 to 94 |
| 15th April The National Party majority in the House of Assembly increases from 13 to 29 |
| 1953 | Verwoerd, Hendrik | |
| Bantu Education Act, African education is moved to the Native Affairs Dept |
| 1954 | Malan, Daniel Francois | |
| Pretoria Africa Despite the creation of the High Court Courts rule apartheid is unconstitutional |
| Pretoria Africa Despite the creation of the High Court of Courts rule apartheid is unconstitutional |
| Natives Resettlement Act, apartheid legislation |
| Resigns as Prime Minister of Sth Africa, age 80 |
| Pretoria Africa The High Court of Parliament Courts rule apartheid is unconstitutional |
| 9th Jan Johannesburg Africa 60,000 Africans are moved to the Meadowlands development 13 miles from Johannesburg |
| 9th Jan Johannesburg Africa Final phase of the expulsion of black Africans from their homes in Johannesburg |
| 1954 | Strijdom, Johennes Gerhardus | |
| Appointed Prime Minister of Sth Africa, 5th Prime Minister of Sth Africa |
| Pretoria Africa Heads a pro-apartheid government |
| 1955 | Strijdom, Johennes Gerhardus | |
| Group Areas Development Act, apartheid legislation |
| The supremacy of Parliament is confirmed |
| 26th June Freedom Charter signed in South-Africa |
| 1955 | Verwoerd, Hendrik | |
| An Act is passed making it unlawful to provide unauthorized education |
| 1st April A school boycott begins in response to the education reforms |
| 1st April Education is transferred to the Native Affairs Dept |
| 1956 | Louw, Eric | |
| 1st Feb Pretoria Africa Closes the Russian consulate |
| 1956 | Strijdom, Johennes Gerhardus | |
| Natives Prohibition of Interdicts Act, blacks cannot appeal to courts |
| 1957 | Strijdom, Johennes Gerhardus | |
| "The Call of Sth Africa" becomes the only Sth African national anthem |
| Simons Town Africa The Union takes over the British naval base at Simon's Town |
| 1958 | Strijdom, Johennes Gerhardus | |
| 24th Aug Death of Johennes Gerhardus Strijdom |
| 1958 | Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| 2nd Sep Appointed Prime Minister of SouthAfrica |
| 2nd Sep Pretoria Africa Withdraws from the commonwealth rather than abandon Apartheid |
| 1959 | Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Pretoria Africa A Bill is passed which abolishes all native representation in Parliament |
| Bantu Investment Corporation Act, provides for black investment in black areas |
| 1960 | Pratt, David | |
| 9th April Johannesburg Africa Verwoerd is shot in the head by a Trans vaal farmer |
| 1960 | Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Langa Africa A massacre during an ANC & PAC demonstration |
| Johannesburg Africa Escapes an assassination attempt |
| 20th Jan During a vote of confidence Verwoerd announces a referendum on the republic |
| Feb MacMillan makes a speech before the Sth African Parliament, the "winds of change" |
| 21st Mar Sharpeville Africa After the Sharpville massacre the ANC & PAC are banned |
| 21st Mar Sharpeville Africa Black protestors are massacred protesting against apartheid pass laws, 69 are killed |
| 21st Mar Sharpeville Africa For the 1st time the UN intervenes in Sth Africa |
| 21st Mar Sharpeville Africa Over 400 are wounded, including women & children |
| 21st Mar Sharpeville Africa World opinion turns against apartheid |
| 28th Mar Sth Africa is placed under martial law |
| 28th Mar The government declares a State of Emergency |
| 28th Mar The government suspends habeas corpus |
| April The Referendum Act is passed |
| 8th April Membership of the ANC & the PAC is punishable by imprisonment |
| 8th April The ANC & PAC are banned by the Unlawful Organizations Act |
| 9th April Johannesburg Africa Verwoerd is shot in the head by a Trans vaal farmer |
| 9th April Johannesburg Africa Verwoerd resumes duties 5 weeks later |
| 3rd Aug Verwoerd announces the referendum on a republic will be held 5th October |
| 5th Oct 90.5% of whites vote, 850,458 in favour of a republic & 775,878 against |
| 5th Oct Wins a small majority of white referendum votes to Sth Africa out of the Commonwealth |
| 1961 | Botha, Pieter | |
| Aug Appointed Minister of Coloured Affairs |
| Aug Appointed Minister of Housing |
| 1961 | Swart, Charles Robberts | |
| Appointed President of Sth Africa |
| Pretoria Africa Becomes the 1st Sth African Head of State which previously was the British monarch |
| 1961 | Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Jan Legislation is prepared to establish the Republic of Sth Africa |
| Mar London Africa Tries to keep Sth Africa within the Commonwealth but is forced to withdraw membership |
| 15th Mar Sth Africa withdraws from the Commonwealth |
| April Despite leaving the Commonwealth preferential trade would continue |
| April Sth Africa leaves the Commonwealth |
| 31st May Sth Africa's membership of the Commonwealth is terminated |
| 31st May The Republic of Sth Africa comes into existence |
| 31st May Verwoerd forms a republican ministry |
| Aug Brings the election forward to October 1961 |
| Aug Coloured Persons Reserves Act, apartheid legislation |
| Aug Preservation of Coloured Areas Act, apartheid legislation |
| Aug Urban Bantu Councils Act, apartheid legislation |
| Oct The National Party wins 105 seats & the United Party wins 53 seats |
| 16th Dec A bombing campaign held on the Afikaner Dingane's day, anniversarry Blood River |
| 16th Dec Bombs are exploded at power stations & government offices by Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| 31st Dec Bombs are exploded at power stations & government offices by Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| 1961 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| Aug Appointed Minister of Justice |
| 1962 | Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Public getherings in connection with the trial are banned |
| SouthAfrica is expelled from the Commission for Technical Co-operation in Africa |
| Transkei Africa The government tries out it's policy of "separate development" |
| Feb Transkei Africa Announces self-government for Trans kei, to show races can have self-development |
| June The Sabotage Act allows house arrests & bans which cannot be challenged in court |
| June The Sabotage Act gives sabotage a minimum of 5 yrs in prison without parole |
| June The Sabotage Act prevents any banned person from being quoted in print |
| Nov Acts of sabotage take place in Port Elizabet & Durban |
| Nov The UN General Assembly votes in favour of sanctions against Sth Africa |
| 1963 | Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| SWAPO initiates an armed struggle for independence in Namibia |
| The General Law Amendment Act enables the Min of Justice to prolong prisoner arrest |
| The Organisation for African Unity is founded, it immediately condems apartheid |
| Transkei Africa The Trans kei becomes a "self-governing" homeland |
| Transkei Africa The Trans kei voters reject the homeland policy by 3 to 1 |
| 1st June Enacts legislation to "break the back" of Umkhonto |
| 1st June Sth Africa becomes a dictatorial police state under the General Law Amendment Act |
| 1st June The General Law Amendment Act waives the right of habeas corpus |
| 1st June Those arrested can be held for 90 days without any rights |
| 1964 | Swart, Charles Robberts | |
| The OAU Banda decides in favour of relations with Sth Africa |
| 1966 | Donges, Theophilus | |
| 6th Sep Appointed Prime Minister of SouthAfrica, acting |
| 1966 | Swart, Charles Robberts | |
| The United Nations revokes the Sth African mandate over Namibia |
| 1966 | Tsafendas, Dimitrio | |
| Sep Pretoria Africa A Parliamentary messenger stabs Verwoerd during a session in the House Assembly |
| 1966 | Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| The United Nations revokes the Sth African mandate over Namibia |
| 16th July The World Court rules in Sth Africa's favour for it to retain control |
| Aug The UN resolves the place Namibia under UN control |
| Sep Pretoria Africa A Parliamentary messenger stabs Verwoerd during a session in the House Assembly |
| Sep Pretoria Africa Death of Hendrik Verwoerd, assassinated |
| Oct Botswana is granted independence |
| Oct Lesotho is granted independence |
| 1966 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| Appointed Prime Minister of SouthAfrica |
| Oct The OAU votes in favour of supporting UN control over Namibia |
| 1967 | Naude, Jozua Francois | |
| Appointed President of Sth Africa |
| Sth Africa & Malawi establish diplomatic relations |
| 1967 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| The UN makes an unsccessful attempt to take control of Namibia |
| Vorster agrees an alliance with the white regime in Rhodes ia & sends in police |
| Jan Agrees an alliance with Rhodes ia to help in the armed struggle against the ANC & ZAPU |
| Jan Sth Africa & Malawi establish formal diplomatic ties |
| Jan The ANC makes an alliance with ZAPU for armed struggle against Rhodes ia & Sth Africa |
| Jan Vorster receives the Prime Minister of Lesotho |
| Jan Vorster receives the Prime Minister of Lesotho, Chief Leabua Jonathan |
| 1968 | Fouche, Jacobus Johannes | |
| Appointed President of Sth Africa |
| 1968 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| Swaziland is granted independence |
| 1969 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| 4th Oct Sth Africa ignores the UN mandate to relinquish its control over Namibia |
| 1970 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| Lesotho pledges its support to the liberation strugle in Sth Africa |
| May Loses 8 seats to rival parties |
| May Vorster pays an official visit to Malawi |
| 1971 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| The OAU reject dialogue with Sth Africa |
| The World Court rules that Sth Africa's presence in Namibia is unlawful |
| Vorster exposes Zambia's secret relations with Sth Africa |
| 1972 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| An attempt by Kurt Waldheim to negotiate with Sth Africa fails |
| The Schlebusch Commision is set up to investigate liberal student bodies |
| 1973 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| An attempt by Kurt Waldheim to negotiate with Sth Africa fails |
| The UN declares SWAPO the only legally recognizable representitive of Namibia |
| 1974 | Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| The government bans Andre Brinks's Afrikaans novel, "Kennis van die Aand" |
| The student organization CI is banned from receiving foreign funds |
| The student organization NUSAS is banned from receiving foreign funds |
| 23rd Oct Declares in the Senate Sth Africa is prepared to enter into non-aggression pacts |
| 23rd Oct Vorster declares in the Senate Sth Africa will not interfere in other African nations |
| Dec The UN gives Sth Africa 6 months to transfer authority to Namibia |
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