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| 0560 | Ceawlin |  |
| Wessex Organizes a Confederation to drive Britons out of Wessex |
| 0590 | Owain | |
| Rheged Unites with the Gododdin King Mynyddog to form a British Army against the Bernicians |
| 0796 | Offa | |
| 29th July Mercia Allies with Charles of the Franks to protect merchants on both sides of the Channel |
| 0853 | Burgred | |
| Mercia Appeals successfully to Ethelred of Wessex for aid against the Vikings |
| 0853 | Ethelred I | |
| Wessex Leads an army with the future King Alfred to support the Mercians against the Vikings |
| 0946 | Eadred | |
| Wessex Renews the alliance with Scotland in order to reduce Northumbria to his rule |
| 1085 | William I the Conqueror | |
| Normandy Canute allies with the Count of Flanders , Philip of France & Robert Curthose |
| 1142 | Matilda | |
| Oxford Stephen falls ill & Matilda joins forces with Geoffrey of Anjou |
| 1177 | Henry II | |
| Creates an alliance between Sicily & England |
| 1189 | Richard I the Lionheart | |
| Joins forces with Philip to drive Henry II into abject submission |
| 1191 | John | |
| Enters into an alliance with Philip II |
| 1191 | Richard I the Lionheart | |
| 4th Mar London Tancred reciprocates by giving Richard 4 ships & 15 galleys |
| 1201 | John | |
| Richard I's wife Berengaria dies, John makes an alliance with her brother Sancho VIII |
| 1216 | John | |
| May Louis Coeur de Lion lands in England to help John fight the rebellious English barons |
| 1258 | Montfort, Simon de | |
| Edward I is installed as Governor & de Montfort becomes leader of the barons |
| 1258 | Mortimer, Roger de | |
| Sides with the Barons against Henry III |
| 1258 | Warenne, John de | |
| London Supports Henry III against the rebellious barons |
| 1261 | Mortimer, Roger de | |
| Becomes a royalist |
| 1264 | Clare, Gilbert de | |
| June London Falls out with de Montfort after the latter's alliance with the Welsh |
| 1264 | Despenser, Hugh | |
| Joins the de Montfort party |
| 1264 | Montfort | |
| River Severn Cross es the River Severn & joins forces with Llewelyn |
| 1265 | Clare, Gilbert de | |
| The Earl of Gloucester changes sides & joins the Royalists |
| 30th May Ludlow Prince Edward & the Earl of Gloucester meet & agree to restore Henry III |
| 1265 | Edward I | |
| 30th May Ludlow Prince Edward & the Earl of Gloucester meet & agree to restore Henry III |
| 1265 | Henry III | |
| De Montfort loses support of the Earl of Gloucester |
| 1265 | Montfort, Simon de | |
| 11th June Pipton Earl Simon meets Prince Llewellyn & is promised 5,000 Welsh spearmen |
| 1294 | Edward I | |
| Nuremburg An alliance is concluded with Adolf of Nassau, the Emperor elect |
| 1295 | Edward I | |
| Sends money to Adolf of Nassau, King of the Romans, for an alliance against France |
| Sends money to Philip of Spain to prepare an alliance against France |
| 1297 | Edward I | |
| 7th Jan Flanders Concludes a Treaty of alliance with Guy, Count of Flanders |
| 1327 | Isabella | |
| 13th Jan London A group of Bishops take an oath at the Guildhall to support the Queen's cause |
| 1338 | Edward III | |
| Flanders Flemish weavers support Edward's claim to the French throne after a commercial treaty |
| Koblenz Gains the support of the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV in his claim to the French throne |
| 16th July Orwell Sails from Orwell to Antwerp then marches to Koblenz to join the German Allies |
| 1338 | Louis IV | |
| Supports Edward III's claims to the French throne |
| 1340 | Edward III | |
| 26th Jan Flanders Edward III allies himself with the Flemish towns |
| 1343 | Edward III | |
| Brittany Philip supports Charles of Blois , Edward supports de Montfort |
| 1345 | Edward III | |
| Brittany The 2 year Dynastic War in Brittany ends in a truce |
| 1403 | Percy, Henry "Hotspur" | |
| 14th Sep Allies with Owen Glendower & Earl Douglas because he is owed œ20,000 by Henry IV |
| 1404 | Trevor, John | |
| Joins the forces of Owen Glendower |
| 1419 | Henry V | |
| 31st July Montereau Assassination of Jean-sans-Peur at Montereau during a meeting with the Dauphin, his successor, Philippe-le-Bon, allies himself with the English |
| 1435 | Henry VI | |
| 25th Sep Philipe the Good breaks his oath to Henry IV & returns to his French allegiance |
| 1468 | Edward IV | |
| Burgundy Arranges a marriage between Margaret his sister & the Duke of Burgundy |
| 1470 | Neville | |
| Northumberland Edward IV awards Neville's earldom to Henry Percy & Neville joins the Lancastrians |
| 1470 | Neville Kingmaker, Richard | |
| London Forces Edward IV to flee to Flanders & places Henry VI on the throne |
| Anjou Makes peace with Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI |
| 22nd July Angers Margaret of Anjou accepts Warwick's submission at the cathedral of Angers |
| 25th July Anjou Seals the betrothal of the Queen's son Edward to Warwick's daughter Anne Neville |
| 1473 | Richard III | |
| Henry Percy recognizes Richard's control of Westmorland, Cumberland & the West Riding |
| 1475 | Edward IV | |
| 11th Aug Burgundy The Duke of Burgundy fails to support the English & attacks Champagne |
| 1483 | Richard III | |
| 11th June London Writes a letter appealing to the Northern Nobles to join forces with him in London |
| 1496 | Henry VII | |
| 18th July Joins the Holy League with Ferdinand, Maximilian I & Alexander VI against Charles VIII |
| 1509 | Catherine of Aragon | |
| 11th June Greenwich Marries Henry VIII at Grey Friars Church, re-allying England with Spain |
| 1509 | Henry VIII | |
| 11th June Greenwich Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon re-allies England with Spain |
| 1511 | Henry VIII | |
| 13th Nov Council & Parliament endorse an allliance between England, Spain, the Pope & Venice |
| 17th Nov England joins the Holy League against Louis XII of France, formed by Pope Julius II |
| 17th Nov The Holy League Alliance is signed in Rome |
| 1511 | Wolsey, Thomas | |
| Instrumental in England joining the Holy League against France |
| 1512 | Henry VIII | |
| Emperor Maximillia joins the Holy Alliance & agrees to invade France with England |
| 1513 | Henry VIII | |
| April Burgundy The Burgundians also agree to become mercenaries in Henry's invasion of France |
| 1514 | Henry VIII | |
| Ferdinand & the Emperor Maximilian leave the Holy League & make peace with France |
| 1520 | Wolsey, Thomas | |
| London Wolsey organizes a new alliance between Henry VIII & Francis I |
| London Wolsey organizes "the field of cloth of gold", a fortnight of festivities in France |
| 1521 | Henry VIII | |
| Navarre Francis I invades Navarre & entrusts Wolsely to discuss an alliance with the Emperor |
| 1521 | More, Thomas | |
| Bruges Assists Wolsey with discussions for an alliance between England & Emperor Charles V |
| 1521 | Wolsey, Thomas | |
| London Concludes an alliance with Emperor Charles V against France |
| 2nd Aug Calais Discusses an alliance with Emperor Charles V, under instructions from Henry VIII |
| 14th Aug Bruges Reaches Bruges to discuss an alliance with the Emperor Charles V |
| 1522 | Henry VIII | |
| 22nd May Greenwich An alliance is agreed with Charles V against the French while a guest of Henry's |
| 1523 | Henry VIII | |
| A league is formed comprising Henry VIII, the Habsburgs & the Bourbons |
| 1527 | Henry VIII | |
| 30th April Signs the treaty of Westminster with Henry VIII against Emperor Charles V |
| 30th April Signs the treaty of Westminster with King Francis against Emperor Charles V |
| 1542 | Henry VIII | |
| Makes a secret alliance with the Emperor Charles V in order to invade France |
| 1543 | Henry VIII | |
| 11th Feb An Anglo-Imperial alliance is completed against France |
| 1557 | Mary I | |
| London Philip II returns to England for 3 months, England makes war with France |
| 1559 | Howard, Thomas | |
| 25th Dec London The Privy Council instructs Norfolk to assist the Scots against the French |
| 1560 | Elizabeth I | |
| 27th Feb Allows Elizabeth to protect Scotland |
| 1560 | Howard, Thomas | |
| Jan Forth Forces the French to leave the Forth |
| 27th Feb Concludes an alliance with the Scottish Lords |
| 1567 | Elizabeth I | |
| 16th Dec Elizabeth supports Mary if France does not intervene |
| 1569 | Raliegh, Walter | |
| Fights in support of the Hugenots |
| 1581 | Walsingham, Francis | |
| Fails to secure an alliance against Spain |
| 1588 | Elizabeth I | |
| Sends contingents to support Henry IV in France |
| 1595 | Elizabeth I | |
| London Forms a Triple Alliance with France & the Dutch aganist Spain |
| 1598 | Elizabeth I | |
| Relinquishes the title Protector but leaves an English brigade under Sir Francis Vere |
| 1598 | Vere, Francis | |
| Commands an English brigade in the Netherlands to defend Protestantism |
| 1618 | James I | |
| Forced to support his son-in-law, Frederick, against Austria & Spain |
| 1624 | James I | |
| London Builds links to Protestants in Germany & the United Provinces |
| London Marries his sister Princess Elizabeth to the Elector of the Palatine, Frederick |
| 1641 | Charles I | |
| 10th Aug Edinburgh Arrives in Scotland to form an alliance against Parliament |
| 1642 | Charles I | |
| Charles ' navy defects to Parliament |
| 1642 | Rich | |
| Encircles 5 Royalist ships which surrender, the navy joins Parliament |
| 1643 | Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 25th Sep Parliament promises to protect Scottish Presbyterianism |
| 1644 | Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Helps form an alliance between Scotland & Parliament |
| 1644 | Holles, Denzil | |
| Appointed to to co-ordinate the war with between Parliamentary & Scottish Allies |
| 1644 | St John, Oliver | |
| Helps form an alliance between Parliament & Scotland |
| 1644 | Vane, Henry | |
| Helps form an alliance between Parliament & Scotland |
| 1645 | Charles I | |
| 27th April London Leaves to Royalist stronghold of Oxford to negotiate with the Scots |
| 1647 | Charles I | |
| 2nd April Newark Sends Montreuil to Newark to prepare the Scots for his reception |
| 26th Dec Promises to impose Presbyterianism for 3 yrs to gain Scottish support |
| 26th Dec Isle of Wight Signs a secret Treaty at the Isle of Wight with the Scots |
| 26th Dec The Scots promise to restore Charles if he restores Presbyterianism |
| 1653 | Charles II | |
| Mar Sends General Middleton to support the Scottish clans who declared loyalty to the King |
| 1653 | Middleton | |
| Mar Sent to support the Scottish clans who declared loyalty to the King |
| 1656 | Charles II | |
| The Spanish Army agrees to restore Charles to the throne but Jamaica must be returned |
| Mar Brussells Negiates with the Spanish Governor Don Juan for an alliance with Spain |
| 1668 | Bennett, Henry | |
| Negotiates the Triple Alliance against France |
| 1668 | Charles I | |
| 23rd Jan England, Holland & Sweden ally against France's ambitions in the Spanish Netherlands |
| 1668 | Charles II | |
| An alliance of England, the United Provinces & Sweden against Louis XIV |
| 1668 | Temple, William | |
| Concludes the Triple Alliance between England, Holland & Sweden against France |
| 1673 | Charles II | |
| London Parliament refuses to raise any money for the war against the Dutch |
| 1675 | Charles II | |
| The Navy is financed by Louis XIV to the sum of œ100,000 to be paid quarterly |
| London The secret alliance between Charles II & Louis XIV is renewed |
| 1686 | William III | |
| 9th July Augsburg William III establishes an anti-French coalition |
| 1688 | Churchill, John | |
| 25th Aug Walcourt Commands 8,000 English in a grand alliance victory over the French |
| 24th Nov Concludes the terms of an alliance with William of Orange |
| 1689 | Herbert | |
| 1st May Banrty Bay An inconclusive naval skirmish off the coast of Ireland with the French |
| 1689 | William III | |
| An alliance of England, the United Provinces, Austria & Savoy against the French |
| 7th May Declares war on France |
| 7th May Provoked by Louis XIV's expedition in support of James II in Ireland |
| 12th May Vienna A grand alliance against France is formed |
| 1690 | Byng, George | |
| 30th June Beachy Head Ordered by Queen Mary to attack the French Fleet but rereats to the Thames |
| 30th June Beachy Head The French are left in control of the Channel |
| 1690 | James II | |
| 30th June Beachy Head The English are defeated by a French force sailing to London to support the Jacobites |
| 10th July Beachy Head |
