Biographies A-Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q-R S T U-V W-Z Events A-Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q-R S T U-V W-Z General A-Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q-R S T U-V W-Z Places A-Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q-R S T U-V W-Z Subjects Arts Government Monarchy Politics Religion Warfare General  Amnesty International  Amnesty International  ANC  Angolan War Independence  Architecture  Assassination Kennedy  Astronomy  Astronomy  Athletics  Boxing  Chemistry  Church  CIA  Cinema  Cinema  Civil Rights  CND  Communist Party  Cycling  Democratic Party  Drama  Drama  Drama  Football  Frente Nacional de Libertacao de  Government  Government  Government  Government  Government Communist Party  Government Communist Party  Government Conservative Party  Government CPSU  Government  Government  Government DDR  Government Democratic Party  Government  Government  Government  Government  Government  Government  Government  Government  Government  Government  Government  Government 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Anthony Charles Lynton  Bosch, Juan  Botha, Pieter  Brezhnev, Leonoid Ilych  Brosio, Manilo  Bruno, Frank  Buber, Martin  Bundy, McGeorge  Cabell, Charles  Callaghan, James  Calvin, Melvin  Cardona, Jose  Castro Ruz, Fidel Alejandro  Chi-Minh, Ho  Chuikov, Vassili  Collins, John  Daddah, Moktar Ould  Day, John Edward  Dianna  Diem, Ngo Dinh  Digges, Alec  Dillon, Douglas  Dulles, Allen Welsh  Eichmann, Adolf  Eisenhower, Dwight David  Elizabeth II  Epstein, Brian  Foot, Michael  Freeman, Orville  Frisch, Max  Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich  Gaulle, Charles Andre Marie Joseph de  Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe  Goldberg, Arthur  Gorbach, Alfons  Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich  Goulart, Joao  Guevara, Ernesto "Che"  Gursel, Cemal  Hague, William  Harrison, George  Hee, Chung  Heller, Joseph  Hemingway, Ernest Miller  Hendrix, John Allen  Hodges, Luther  Hodgson, Jack  Hunt, Everette Howard  Inonu, Ismet  Jagan, Cheddi  Jardine, Alan  Johnson, Lyndon Baines  Kadar, Janos  Kennan, George  Kennedy, Robert Francis  Kenyatta, Jomo  Khama, Seretse  Khruschev, Nikita Sergeyevich  Kim, Il Sung  King  Kobayashi, Masaki  Konev, Ivan Stepanovich  Korner, Alexis  Kotane, Moses  Kudsi, Nazim al  Kurosawa, Akira  Lancaster, Burt  Lemass, Sean  Lemay, Curtis  Lennon, John Winston  Lewis, Frederick Carlton "Carl"  Ligachev, Egor Kuzmich  Lumumba, Patrice �mery  Lutuli, Albert  MacBride, Sean  MacMillan, Maurice Harold  Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla  McCartney, Paul  McConone, John  McNamara, Robert  Menderes, Adnan  Menzies, Robert  Mobutu, Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa za Banga  Molife, Petrus  Monroy, Carlos Julio Arosemena  Mpolo, Maurice  Mugabe, Robert Gabriel  Nasser, Gamal Abdel  Nehru, Jawaharlal  Nervi, Pier Luigi  Nicholson, Bill  Niemoller, Frederich Gustav Emil Martin  Nitze, Paul  Nixon, Richard Mulhouse  Nolting, Frederick  Nouth, Samdech Penn  Nyerere, Julius Kambarage  Okito, Joseph  Ormsby-Gore, David  Osborne, John  Oswald, Lee Harvey  Ozdilek, Fahri  Park, Chung-Hee  Pitney, Gene  Prescott, John  Ramsey, Michael  Redgrave, Venessa  Ribicoff, Abraham  Roberto, Holden Alvaro  Rusk, David Dean  Russell, Bertrand  Sato, Eisaku  Scheel, Walter  Shelepin, Aleksandr Nikolaevich  Sheridan, Tony  Shriver, Sargent  Sihanouk  Sisulu, Walter  Slovo, Joe  Spaak, Paul Henri-Charles  Spark, Muriel  Stalin, Joseph  Stein, John "Jock"  Swart, Charles Robberts  Taylor, Maxwell  Thant, Sithu U  Trujillo, Rafael  Tse-Tung, Mao  Udall, Stewart  Ulbricht, Walther  Vance, Cyrus  Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch  Villiers Graaff, David Pieter de  Vorster, Balthazar Johannes  Walker, Edwin  Waugh, Evelyn Arthur St John  White, Patrick  Whiting, John  Wilson, James Harold  Yeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich  Yoshida, Shigeru  Zimmerman, Robert Allen  Zuckert, Eugene  Zvi, Itzak Ben Places  Bay of Pigs  Bay of Pigs  Belfast  Belgrade  Berlin  Berlin  Berlin  Bien Hoa  Birmingham  Cairo  Canterbury  Cochinos Bay  Dallas  Daman  Diu  Dodoma  Durban  Durham  Geneva  Goa  Guildford  Hamburg  Havana 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1st Man in Space   Khruschev, Nikita Sergeyevich      1st manned space flight    1st Orbit of the Earth   Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich   12th April   1st man to orbit the Earth, Vostok -1    Adviser   Bundy, McGeorge      Appointed military adviser to President Kennedy & later to President Johnson    Aid to   Kennedy, John Fitzgerald    Washington   Commits $20 billion to the "sister republics" in aid to Latin America over 10 yrs    Aid to Latin America   Kennedy, John Fitzgerald    Washington   Commits $20 billion to the "sister republics" in aid to Latin America over 10 yrs    Aid to Vietnam   Kennedy, John Fitzgerald   11th Oct Bien Hoa   Kennedy authorizes fighter bomber trainers to the Bien Hoa Air Base   11th Oct Saigon   Kennedy sends General Taylor & advisers to discuss troop support for Diem    Dec   300 USAhelicopter pilots in "Eagle Flight" units arrive in Vietnam    Aid to Vietnam   Taylor, Maxwell    June Saigon   Kennedy sends General Taylor & advisers to discuss troop support for Diem    Ambassador   Ormsby-Gore, David    Washington   Appointed Ambassador to USA    Ambassador   Brosio, Manilo    Paris   Appointed Ambassador to France    Ambassador   Kennan, George    Belgrade   Appointed Ambassador to Yugoslavia    Ambassador   Nolting, Frederick      Appointed Ambassador to Sth Vietnam    Amnesty International   Baker, Eric      Benenson has a book published, "Persecution" , which details the cases of several prisoners of conscience investigated and compiled by Benenson and Baker   28th May   Benenson and Baker, in consultation with other writers, academics and lawyers, write via Louis Blom-Cooper to David Astor, editor of The Observer newspaper, who, on May 28, 1961, publishes Benenson's article The Forgotten Prisoners   28th May    Marks the launch of 'Appeal for Amnesty, 1961', the aim of which is to mobilize public opinion, quickly and widely, in defence of these individuals, and in particular Communist party members, who Benenson named "Prisoners of Conscience"    Amnesty International   Berenson, Peter      Amnesty International is born from Peter Benenson's long history of Communist party support that had begun at Eton during the Spanish Civil War, where he organized aid for Basque Orphanages and became radicalised in favour of the Republicans      Benenson has a book published, "Persecution" , which details the cases of several prisoners of conscience investigated and compiled by Benenson and Baker      Founds Amnesty International for political prisoners   28th May   Benenson and Baker, in consultation with other writers, academics and lawyers, write via Louis Blom-Cooper to David Astor, editor of The Observer newspaper, who, on May 28, 1961, publishes Benenson's article The Forgotten Prisoners   28th May    Marks the launch of 'Appeal for Amnesty, 1961', the aim of which is to mobilize public opinion, quickly and widely, in defence of these individuals, and in particular Communist party members, who Benenson named "Prisoners of Conscience"    July   Amnesty International is founded by Peter Benenson, an English lawyer who had converted to Roman Catholicism in 1958    July   Benenson and his friend Alec Digges, an Irish communist, members of the International Brigade Association at the same address (2 Parton Street WC1, London) take control of the Amnesty shell   30th Sep   The leadership decide that the Amnesty appeal would form the basis of a permanent organization, which on 30 September 1962 is officially named 'Amnesty International'    Amnesty International   MacBride, Sean      Appointed Chairman of Amnesty International    Amnesty International   Digges, Alec    July   Benenson and his friend Alec Digges, an Irish communist, members of the International Brigade Association at the same address (2 Parton Street WC1, London) take control of the Amnesty shell   30th Sep   The leadership decide that the Amnesty appeal would form the basis of a permanent organization, which on 30 September 1962 is officially named 'Amnesty International'    ANC   Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla    Pretoria Africa   The ANC is banned from SouthAfrica    Anniversary   Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla   26th June   Releases a press release calling for a national constitutional convention   26th June   Threatens a nationwide campaign of non-co-operation    Appeal for Amnesty   Berenson, Peter   28th May    Marks the launch of 'Appeal for Amnesty, 1961', the aim of which is to mobilize public opinion, quickly and widely, in defence of these indiv