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| Abdication Napoleon III |  |
| 1st Mar Bordeaux Deposed by the National Assembly at Bordeaux |
| 1st Mar Chiselhurst Deposed by the National Assembly & retires to Chiselhurst in Kent |
| Alliance Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von |  |
| St Petersburg Reconciles William & Francis Joseph & discussesAlliance with Beust |
| Alliance Ludwig II | |
| Offers the German crown to the King of Prussia |
Supports Prussia, although supported Austria  against Prussia in 1866 |
| Assassination Darboy, Georges | |
| Paris Arrested & shot by the Communards |
| Battle of Le Mans Frederick Charles | |
| 12th Jan Le Mans Defeats General Chanzy |
| Battle of Sedan Ducrot, Auguste | |
| 1st Sep Sedan Faces a German force of 200,000 under Moltke |
| 1st Sep Sedan The French retreat into the fortress of Sedan where they are are bombarded |
| Birth Ebert, Friedrich | |
| 4th Feb Heidelberg Birth of Friedrich Ebert |
| Birth Alexander John Charles |  |
| 6th April London Birth of Alexander John Charles, 6th child of Edward & Princess Alexandria |
| Birth Beatty, David | |
| Birth of David Beatty |
| 16th Jan Birth of David Beatty |
| Birth Booth, Hubert Cecil | |
| Birth of Hubert Cecil Booth |
| Birth Rutherford, Ernst |  |
| Birth of Ernst Rutherford |
| Birth Rasputin, Grigor |  |
| Birth of Grigor Rasputin |
| Birth Chapaprieta, Joaquin |  |
| Birth of Joaquin Chapaprieta |
| Capture MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de | |
| 28th May Paris Captures Paris from the Commune |
| Centre Party Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Defends Catholic interests against Bismarck's Kulturkampf |
| Chancellor Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Appointed Imperial Chancellor of the German Empire |
| The 1866 North German Constitution becomes the 1871 Constitution of the German Empire with some adjustments |
The German Empire is the name used in English  to describe the first 47 years of the German Reich when it was a semi-constitutional monarchy: beginning with the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I of Prussia as German Emperor |
| The new empire has a Parliament with two houses, the lower house, or Reichstag, is elected by universal male suffrage, however, the original constituencies drawn in 1871 were never redrawn to reflect the growth of urban areas |
| Clans Mutsuhito |  |
| The fiefs of great clans are surrendered |
| Collector Port of New York Arthur, Chester Alan |  |
| New York Appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant |
| Composition Verdi, Giuseppe |  |
| Composes, "Ieda" |
| Constitution Thiers, Louis Adolphie | |
| Paris 1st President of the 3rd Republic |
| Constitution Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| A Federal Government, Bundesrat, elected by regional Governments |
| A National Government, Reichstag, elected by all males over 25 by secret ballot |
| Bismarck's intention is to create a constitutional faade which would mask the continuation of authoritarian policies |
| Legislation requires the consent of the Bundesrat, the federal council of deputies from the states, executive power is vested in the emperor, or Kaiser, who is assisted by a chancellor responsible only to him |
| Officially, the chancellor is a one-man cabinet and is responsible for the conduct of all state affairs; in practice, the State Secretaries (officials in charge of fields as finance, war, foreign affairs, etc.) act as unofficial portfolio ministers |
| Prussia uses a highly restrictive three-class voting system in which the richest third of the population could choose 85 percent of the legislature, all but assuring a conservative majority |
| The Reichstag has the power to pass, amend or reject bills, it could not initiate legislation, the power of initiatingLegislation rests with the Chancellor |
| The unified Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck is called in German Deutsches Reich, remains the official name of Germany until 1945 |
| With the exception of the years 1872-1873 and 1892-1894, the Chancellor is always simultaneously the prime minister of Prussia, with 17 out of 58 votes in the Bundesrat, Berlin needed only a few votes from the small states to exercise control |
| Constitution Wilhelm I | |
| 18th Jan Declared Emperor of a united German Reich in the Galerie des Glaces in Versailles |
| Death Darboy, Georges | |
| Paris Arrested & shot by the Communards |
| Deutsches Reich Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| The unified Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck is called in German Deutsches Reich, remains the official name of Germany until 1945 |
| Diplomacy Beust | |
| Salzburg Meets Bismarck to discuss anAlliance with Germany |
| Diplomacy Gladstone, William Ewart | |
| Washington Britain & the USA resolve claims from the American Civil War |
| Diplomacy Ito | |
| Goes on a diplomatic tour of Europe |
| Goes on a diplomatic tour of the USA |
| Discovery of Evolution Darwin, Charles Robert | |
| Concludes man evolved from ape-like ancestors 26 to 54 million yrs ago in Africa |
| Discovery of Livingstone Stanley, Henry Morton | |
| 11th Nov Ujiju Discovers Livingstone & makes the statement "Dr Livingstone I presume" |
| Discovery of Nile Livingstone, David | |
| 11th Nov Ujiju Meets Stanley on Lake Tanganyika who makes the statement, "Dr Livingstone I presume" |
| Discovery of Nile Stanley, Henry Morton | |
| 11th Nov Ujiju Discovers Livingstone & makes the statement "Dr Livingstone I presume" |
| Discovery of Pterodatyl Marsh, Othniel Charles | |
| 1st USA paleontologist discovers the remains of a pterodatyl |
| Exile Marti, Jose |  |
| Exiled to Spain |
| Exile Napoleon III | |
| Kent Joins Eugenie at Chiselhurst in Kent |
| First Sea Lord Goschen | |
| London Appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, 1st term |
| General Ducrot, Auguste | |
| Appointed Comander of the French, replaces MacMahon |
| Grand Vizier Mahmud, Nedim Pasa |  |
| Appointed Grand Vizier, 1st term |
| Imperial Reichstag Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Hermann Fusrst zu | |
| Berlin Appointed Imperial Reichstag |
| Kulturkampf Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Among the measures taken to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church was the addition of 130a to the German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch), which threatened clergy who discussed politics from the pulpit with two years of prison |
| Legislation Gladstone, William Ewart | |
| The Test Act forbids Oxford & Cambridge to make relgious tests for teaching posts |
| Major Yamaji, Motoharu | |
| Appointed Major in the new Imperial Army |
| Marriage Edison, Thomas Alva | |
| Edison marries Mary Stilwell |
| Marshal MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de | |
| 2nd April Paris Appointed Commander the forces against the Paris Commune |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Andrassy | |
| Appointed Foreign Minister |
| Minister of Interior Arago, Francois | |
| Appointed Minister of the Interior |
| Minister of Interior Gambetta, Leon | |
| Appointed Minister of the Interior & War, directs the latter stages of the war |
| National Assembly Clemanceau, Georges | |
| Bordeaux Appointed Member of the National Assembly |
| Peace Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| William makes Bismarck responsible for conducting the peace with France |
| 25th Jan Berlin Royal orders force Moltke to submit to Bismarck who wishes to end the war |
| 26th Jan Put in control of the armistice talks |
| Feb Discusses peace terms with Thiers & Favre |
| Peerage Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Created Frst von Bismarck (Prince Bismarck) |
| President Thiers, Louis Adolphie | |
| Appointed President of the 3rd Republic |
| Press Valles, Jules | |
| Founds "Le Cro Du Peuple" which becomes France 's leading Socialist newspaper |
| Press Chernyayev, Mikhail Grigoriyevich | |
| Appointed Editor of The Russky Mir |
| Publication Darwin, Charles Robert | |
| Publication of, "Descent of Man" |
| Reform Gladstone, William Ewart | |
| London The Ecclesiastical Titles Act of 1851 is repealed |
| London The Test Act forbids Oxford & Cambridge to make relgious tests for teaching posts |
| Reichstag Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| The new empire has a Parliament with two houses, the lower house, or Reichstag, is elected by universal male suffrage, however, the original constituencies drawn in 1871 were never redrawn to reflect the growth of urban areas |
| 21st Mar Berlin Opens the 1st Reichstag of the 2nd Reich |
| Resignation Pretorius, Marthinus |  |
| Vaal Africa The Volksraad refuses to ratify arbitration, depriving Boers of Vaal diamond fields |
| Rule of Alsace Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| 10th May Alsace Under thetreaty of Frankfurt Germany keeps Alsace |
| 10th May Alsace Lorraine Under thetreaty of Frankfurt Germany keeps Alsace |
| Rule of Alsace Lorraine Thiers, Louis Adolphie | |
| 10th May Alsace Lorraine Under the Treaty of Frankfurt Prussia is awarded Alsace-Lorraine |
| Rule of Lorraine Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| 10th May Lorraine Under thetreaty of Frankfurt Germany keeps Alsace |
| Siege of Paris Gambetta, Leon | |
| Jan Paris Forced back across the border into Switzerland as Paris capitulates |
| Strafgesetzbuch Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Among the measures taken to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church was the addition of 130a to the German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch), which threatened clergy who discussed politics from the pulpit with two years of prison |
| Succession Wilhelm I | |
| 18th Jan Versailles Succeeds as Emperor of Germany |
| Treaty of Frankfurt Thiers, Louis Adolphie | |
| 10th May Frankfurt Germany keeps Alsace & Lorraine & an army of occupation in France |
| 10th May Frankfurt Germany receives a war Indemnity of 5,000 million francs |
| 10th May Frankfurt The Treaty of Frankfurt formerly ends the Franco-Prussian War |
| Treaty of Frankfurt Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| 10th May Frankfurt A German army of occuption will remain in France until the war indemnity is paid |
| 10th May Frankfurt Ends the Franco-Prussian War |
| 10th May Frankfurt Germany keeps Alsace & Lorraine |
| Treaty of Frankfurt Bucher, Adolf Lothar | |
| Frankfurt Helps draw up the Treaty of Frankfurt |
| Treaty of Paris Alexander II | |
| Paris As Great Britain alone could not enforce the Black Sea clauses, Russia once again establishes a fleet in the Black Sea |
| Paris France abandons opposition to Russia after the establishment of a Republic, encouraged by the decision of the French, and supported by Otto Frst von Bismarck, Russia denounces the Black Sea Clauses |
| 30th Mar Paris Thetreaty of Paris stands until 1871, when France is crushed by Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War |
| Treaty of Washington Gladstone, William Ewart | |
| Washington Britain & the USA resolve claims from the American Civil War |
| Unification Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Berlin A National Government, Reichstag, elected by all males over 25 by secret ballot |
| Unification Louis II | |
| Bavaria Brings Bavaria into the German Empire |
| Unification Wilhelm I | |
| 18th Jan Versailles Declared Emperor of a united German Reich in the Galerie des Glaces in Versailles |
| Zollverein Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Alsace-Lorraine join the Zollverein after being acquired by Germany following the Franco-Prussian war |
