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| Birth Poincare, Raymond |  |
| 20th Aug Bar le Duc Birth of Raymond Poincare, son of a middle class familly in Eastern France |
| Birth Charlotte |  |
| Berlin Birth of Charlotte, 2nd child of Emperor Frederick & Victoria |
| Birth Chekhov, Anton |  |
| 29th Jan Taganrog Birth of Anton Chekhov |
| Budget Roon | |
| Berlin The Landtag rejects Roon's army reform bill but makes a loan |
| Budget Gladstone, William Ewart |  |
| London Direct tax is raised from 9d to 10d, due to extra defence spending |
| London National debt interest is reduced by œ2m |
| London Tariffs on 400 articles & paper are removed |
| London The Budget is rejected by the Lords because they oppose the abolition of paper duties |
| London The Cabinet decides to refer the Budget to the Commons Committee of Privileges |
| London The Lord's refuse to abolish paper duties & reject the budget |
| Burial Dmitrievich, Mikhail | |
| 30th May Sevastopol Death of Mikhail Dmitrievich and is buried, in accordance with his own wish, at Sevastopol |
| Capture of Beijing Hsien Feng |  |
| Beijing An Anglo-French Army occupies Beijing |
| Capture of Nice Napoleon III | |
| Nice Captures Nice |
| Capture of Peking Gordon, Charles George Hamilton | |
| Peking Present at the capture of Peking |
| Capture of Savoy Napoleon III | |
| Savoy Captures Savoy |
| Chief St Petersburg Police Trepov, Fyodor Fyodorovich | |
| St Petersburg Appointed Chief of the St Petersburg Police |
| Constitution Franz Josef I |  |
| Agrees to co-operate with the Diets in the crown lands & central Reichsrat |
| Convention Beijing Temple, Henry John | |
| Beijing The treaty of Tianjin is accepted by China at the Convention of Bejing |
| Death Hamilton-Gordon, George | |
| Death of George Hamilton-Gordon |
| Death Hamilton, James | |
| County Donegal Enters Parliament as Conservative MP for County Donegal, a constituency he represents from 1860 to 1880 |
| Death Dmitrievich, Mikhail | |
| 30th May Warsaw Death of Mikhail Dmitrievich and is buried, in accordance with his own wish, at Sevastopol |
| Diplomacy Napoleon III | |
| Piedmont annexes central Italy, France gains Savoy & Nice |
| Diplomacy Edward VII | |
| 1st tour of the USA undertaken by a British Prince |
| Editor Bradlaugh, Charles | |
| London Appointed Editor of The National Reformer |
| Election Davis, Jefferson |  |
| 18th Feb Elected President of the Confederacy |
| General Roon | |
| Appointed General |
| Governor Belcredi, Richard Graf | |
| Silesia Appointed Governor of Silesia |
| Governor Fabrizi, Nicola |  |
| Messina Appointed Governor of Messina |
| Invention Gas Engine Lenoir, Jean Etienne | |
| Builds a gas fuelled internal-combustion engine |
| Lieutenant Cervera y Topete Cervera y Topete |  |
| Appointed Lieutenant |
| Marriage Cleveland, Grover | |
| 2nd June Grover Cleveland marries Frances Folsom |
| Marriage Folsom, Frances | |
| 2nd June Grover Cleveland marries Frances Folsom |
| Minister of Interior Schmerling, Anto von | |
| Appointed Minister of the Interior |
| Minister of Interior Fialin, Jean-Gilbert-Victor | |
| Appointed Minister of the Interior |
| Minister of War Roon | |
| Appointed Minister of War |
| Minister of War Fabrizi, Nicola | |
| Appointed Minister of War |
| Occupation Beijing Bruce, James | |
| Beijing China forbids the existance of embassies in Beijing leading to Anglo-French occupation |
| Party Leader Lincoln, Abraham | |
| Appointed Party Leader of the Republican Party |
| Prime Minister Cavour, Camillo Benso di | |
| Jan Appointed Prime Minister of Piedmont |
| Publication Mommsen, Theodor | |
| Publication of, "Die Geschicte Des Romischen Munzwesens" |
| Publication of, "Romische Geschicte" |
| Publication Waugh, Edwin | |
| Publication of, "Poems & Songs" |
| Publication Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich | |
| Publication of, "Nakanune" |
| Reform Roon | |
| Berlin Plans to increase troops in line with population growth are rejected by the Landtag |
| Berlin Roon's plans are rejected because the Crown would gain too much power |
| Reform Temple, Henry John | |
| 18th June London Despite Palmerston's electoral proposals Legislation is not passed |
| 18th June London Proposes enfranchising œ6 occupiers in the Boroughs & œ10 occupiers in the counties |
| Resignation Lee, Robert Edward | |
| Resigns his commission & joins the Confederacy, alongside one third of Army Officers |
| Rule of Kowloon Hsien Feng | |
| Kowloon Under the treat of Peking 11 ports are opened & part of Kowloon is ceded to Britain |
| Rule of Kowloon Bruce, James | |
| Kowloon Under the treat of Peking 11 ports are opened & part of Kowloon is ceded to Britain |
| Rule of Manchuria Hsien Feng | |
| 18th Oct Manchuria Undder the treaty of Peking parts of Outer Manchuria are ceded to the Russian Empire |
| Rule of Nice Napoleon III | |
| Nice Piedmont annexes central Italy, France gains Savoy & Nice |
| Rule of Peking Hsien Feng | |
| Peking British and French forces occupy Beijing |
| Rule of Piedmont Napoleon III | |
| Piedmont Piedmont annexes central Italy, France gains Savoy & Nice |
| Rule of Savoy Napoleon III | |
| Savoy Piedmont annexes central Italy, France gains Savoy & Nice |
| Siege of Peking Hsien Feng | |
| Peking British and French forces occupy Beijing |
| Siege of Summer Palace Hsien Feng | |
| 18th Oct Peking The treaty of Peking is signed as a result of the Second Opium War under military and diplomatic pressure of British and French troops (who were burning the Old Summer Palace at the time) |
| Special Envoy Bruce Bruce, James | |
| London Appointed Special Envoy to China & Japan |
| State Engineer in Chief Arthur, Chester Alan | |
| New York Appointed State Engineer-in-Chief |
| Succession Mutsuhito |  |
| Succeeds as Crown Prince of Japan |
| Treaty of Cobden Chevalier, Michel | |
| Paris Negotiated jointly by Michel Chevalier & Richard Cobden |
| Paris Recognizes Anglo-French interests |
| Paris Reduces French duties on coal & manufactured goods & British duties on wine & brandy |
| Treaty of Cobden Napoleon III | |
| Jan Paris Agreed by Napoleon & ratified by the British House of Commons |
| Jan Paris Creates free trade between Europe's 2 largest traders |
| Treaty of Cobden Cobden, Richard | |
| Lowers British duties on wine & brandy |
| Negotiated by Michel Chevalier & Cobden marking the recognition of common interests |
| Puts the Cobden treaty with France through Parliament as part of the Gladstone budget |
| Reduces French duties on coal & manufactured goods |
| Treaty of Peking Hsien Feng | |
| 18th Oct Peking Also known as the First Convention of Peking, a treaty between the Government of the Qing-Dynasty of China and each of the three European powers, the United Kingdom, France, and Russia |
| 18th Oct Peking Russia is granted the right to the Ussuri krai, a part of the modern day Primorye, the territory that corresponded with the ancient Manchu province of East Tartary |
| 18th Oct Peking The peace treaty is signed by Prince Gong & Lord Elgin |
| 18th Oct Peking The treaty of Peking is signed as a result of the Second Opium War under military and diplomatic pressure of British and French troops (who were burning the Old Summer Palace at the time) |
| 18th Oct Peking Undder the treaty of Peking parts of Outer Manchuria are ceded to the Russian Empire |
| 18th Oct Peking Under the treat of Peking 11 ports are opened & part of Kowloon is ceded to Britain |
| Treaty of Peking Bruce, James | |
| London A peace Treaty is signed by Prince Gong & Lord Elgin |
| Peking 11 Chinese ports are re-opened & Kowloon is ceded to Britain |
| Treaty of Peking Ignatyev | |
| Peking Negotiates the Treaty of Peking |
| Peking Settles the Sino-Russian border & gains considerable territorry for Russia |
| Treaty of Tianjin Temple, Henry John | |
| Beijing The treaty of Tianjin is accepted by China at the Convention of Bejing |
| Unification Napoleon III | |
| Piedmont annexes central Italy, France gains Savoy & Nice |
| Unification Cavour, Camillo Benso di | |
| Piedmont annexes central Italy, France gains Savoy & Nice |
| Piedmont Tuscany, Parmam, Modena & Romagna vote in favor of union with Piedmont |
| Jan Piedmont Intends to unite the duchies of Parma, Modena, Romagna & Tuscany |
| Unification Lincoln, Abraham | |
| 10th Nov South Carolina Sth Carolina decides to secede from the Union |
