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| Alliance Napoleon III |  |
Allies with Sardinia against Austria  |
| Ambassador Metternich, Furst Richard | |
| Paris Appointed Ambassador to France |
| Ambassador Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von |  |
St Petersburg William takes over theGovernment of Prussia as Regent, he replaces Bismarck as Envoy in Frankfurt and makes Bismarck Prussia's Ambassador to the Russian  Empire |
| Armistice Franz Josef I | |
| Villafranca Forced to surrender Lombardy at the Armistice of Villafranca |
| 8th July France & Austria agree an armistice |
| Armistice MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de | |
| 8th July France & Austria agree an armistice |
| Battle of Magenta Franz Josef I | |
| 4th June Magenta French victory at Magenta is followed by the French liberation of Milan |
| 4th June Magenta Results in a French -Sardinian victory under Napoleon III against the Austria ns under Marshal Ferencz Gyulai |
| Battle of Magenta MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de | |
| 4th June Magenta French victory at Magenta is followed by the French liberation of Milan |
| 4th June Magenta MacMahon is created Duke of Magenta for his role in this battle, and later serves as President of the French Republic |
| 4th June Magenta Transforms the battle into a French victory |
| Battle of Magenta Napoleon III | |
| 4th June Magenta Napoleon III's army crossed the Ticino River and outflanked the Austria n right forcing the Austria n army under General Gyulai to retreat |
| Battle of Magenta Gyulai |  |
| 4th June Magenta Leads an Austria n force defeated by the French & Italian s, forced to retire |
| Battle of Solferino Benedek, Ludwig | |
| 24th June Solferino Saves the Austria n Army from a total rout by a rear guard action |
| Battle of Solferino Franz Josef I | |
24th June Solferino Defeated by the French in Piedmont's attempt to gain Lombardy or Venetia & unite Italy  |
| 24th June Solferino Dismisses Gyulai & assumes command of 160,000 against the Franco-Piedmontese |
| 24th June Solferino The North Italian village of Solferino is captured by the French from Franz Josef |
| 24th June Solferino The nth Italian village of Solferino is captured by the French from the Austria ns |
| Battle of Solferino MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de | |
| 24th June Solferino The Austria ns are defeated by the French & Sardinians |
| Battle of Varese Garibaldi, Guisseppe | |
| 26th May Varese Wins a victory over the Austria ns |
| Birth Surat, Georges | |
| 2nd Dec Birth of Georges Surat |
| Birth Doyle, Arthur Conan |  |
| 22nd May Birth of Arthur Conan Doyle |
| Birth Capello, Luigi Attilio | |
| Birth of Luigi Attilio Capello |
| Birth Averescu, Alexandru |  |
| 9th Mar Birth of Alexandru Averescu |
| Birth Herbert, Victor |  |
| 1st Feb Birth of Victor Herbert |
| Budget Gladstone, William Ewart | |
London Raises a budget to pay for the war with China  raising income tax from 5d to 9d |
| Captain Gordon, Charles George Hamilton | |
| Appointed Captain |
| Capture Brown, John | |
| 16th Oct Harper's Ferry The abolitionist, John Brown, captures the Government arsenal at Harper's Ferry |
| Chancellor Gladstone, William Ewart | |
| London Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer |
| Church of God Holdeman, John | |
| Founds the Church of God in Christ |
| Commander Gyulai | |
| Appointed Commander-in-Chief |
| Council India Wilson, James | |
Appointed financial member of the council of India  |
| Death Oscar I |  |
| 8th July Death of Oscar I |
| Death Brown, John | |
| Hanged for capturing a Government arsenal |
| Declaration of War Franz Josef I | |
| 3rd May France declares war Austria |
| Declaration of War Napoleon III | |
| 3rd May France declares war Austria |
| Diplomacy Napoleon III | |
| Allies with Italian States in gaining unity |
| Discovery of Malawi Livingstone, David | |
| Establishes European contact with what becomes Malawi |
| Dismissal Franz Josef I | |
| 24th June Solferino Dismisses Gyulai & assumes command of 160,000 against the Franco-Piedmontese |
| Editor Dalberg | |
| London Appointed Editor of The Rambler |
| Election Pretorius, Marthinus |  |
| Orange Free Africa Elected President of the Orange Free State |
| Execution Tope, Tatya | |
| April After Tope'scapture and execution the leaderless India ns are soon pacified |
| Execution Brown, John | |
| Hanged for capturing a Government arsenal |
| Independence Franz Josef I | |
| 24th June Solferino Defeated by the French in Piedmont's attempt to gain Lombardy or Venetia & unite Italy |
| IRB Stephens, James |  |
| 17th Mar Founds the Irish Republican Brotherhood |
| Marriage Arthur, Chester Alan | |
| Marries Ellen Lewis Herndon |
| Marshal MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de | |
| May Magenta Appointed Marshal after the battle of Magenta |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Russell | |
| Appointed Foreign Minister |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Alecsandri, Vasile | |
| Appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Minister of Prussia Roon, Albert von | |
| Dec Appointed Minister of War, to carry out military reforms |
| Mobilization Charles Anthony | |
| 14th June Prussia begins to mobilize against France |
| Nationalverein Bennigsen, Rudolf von | |
| 15th Sep Opening of a German National Union formed by Bennigsen |
| Peace Franz Josef I | |
| 11th July Villafranca The preliminary peace of Villafranca |
| 11th July Villafranca Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France |
| 11th July Villafranca Under the peace of Villafranca Tuscany & Modena are to be restored |
| 11th July Villafranca Under the peace of Villafranca Venice remains Austria n |
| Nov Villafranca The peace of Villafranca is confirmed |
| 10th Nov Zurich Thetreaty of Zurich confirms the peace of Villafranca |
| Peace Napoleon III | |
| 8th Nov Villafranca Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France |
| 10th Nov Villafranca Thetreaty of Zurich confirms the peace of Villafranca |
| Peerage MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de | |
| May Magenta Created Duke of Magenta, after the battle of Magenta |
| Postmaster General Bruce, James | |
| Appointed Post Master General |
| President Villiers, Charles Pelham | |
| Appointed President of the Board of Trade |
| Prime Minister Temple, Henry John | |
| 18th June Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain , 2nd term |
| Publication Marx, Karl Heinrich | |
| Publication of, "Critique of Political Economy" |
| Publication Darwin, Charles Robert | |
| Publication of, "The Origin of the Species" |
| Publication Dickens, Charles | |
| Publication of, "Tale of Two Cities" |
| Publication Mill, John Stewart | |
| Publication of, "On Liberty" |
| Publication of, "Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform" |
| Publication Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich | |
| Publication of, "Dvoryanskoye gnezdo" |
| Rebellion Tope, Tatya | |
| April After Tope'scapture and execution the leaderless India ns are soon pacified |
| 14th June The final stage of the mutiny takes place in central India , which is roused by a roving band of rebels under the Maratha General Tatya Tope |
| Reform Disraeli, Benjamin | |
| London Reform Bill, Introduces & loses the bill for extending the franchise |
| Reform Russell | |
| London Palmerston & Russell resolve their differences & found of the modern Liberal Party |
| Reform Temple, Henry John | |
| London Palmerston & Russell resolve their differences & found of the modern Liberal Party |
| Reichstag Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| 10th May Berlin The Liberals have a majority in the Landtag & William dissolves it |
| Resignation Bach, Alexander Freiherr von | |
| Resigns after Austria 's defeat to France & Italy |
| Resignation Cobden, Richard | |
| Resigned in opposition to the Crimea War in 1857 but returns to office in 1859 |
| Resignation Stanley, Edward | |
| 10th June London Lord Derby resigns |
| Retirement Gyulai | |
| 4th June Magenta Leads an Austria n force defeated by the French & Italian s, forced to retire |
| Rule of Lombardy Franz Josef I | |
| 11th July Lombardy Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France |
| Rule of Lombardy Napoleon III | |
| 8th Nov Lombardy Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France |
| Rule of Parma Franz Josef I | |
| 11th July Parma Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France |
| Rule of Parma Napoleon III | |
| 8th Nov Parma Under the peace of Villafranca Parma & Lombardy are ceded to France |
| Rule of Venice Franz Josef I | |
| 11th July Villafranca Under the peace of Villafranca Venice remains Austria n |
| Secretary of Home Affairs Cornewall Lewis, George | |
| Appointed Home Secretary |
| Siege of Milan Franz Josef I | |
| 4th June Milan French victory at Magenta is followed by the French liberation of Milan |
| Siege of Milan MacMahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de | |
| 4th May Milan French victory at Magenta is followed by the French liberation of Milan |
| Succession Francis II | |
| Succeeds as King of Italy |
| Rome Succeeds as King of Italy |
| Succession Charles XV | |
| 8th July Stockholm Succeeds as King of Sweden |
| Treaty of Cobden Cobden, Richard | |
| Gladstone has a budget surplus & wishes to quell anti French feeling |
Michel Chevalier visits Gladstone to discuss Anglo  -French free trade |
| Treaty of Cobden Gladstone, William Ewart | |
| London Chevalier visits Gladstone to discuss Anglo -French free trade |
| Jan Cobden & Napoleon agree the treaty |
| Jan London Has a budget surplus & wishes to quell anti-French feeling |
| Treaty of Zurich Franz Josef I | |
| 10th Nov Zurich Thetreaty of Zurich confirms the peace of Villafranca |
| Treaty of Zurich Napoleon III | |
| 10th Nov Zurich Thetreaty of Zurich confirms the peace of Villafranca |
| Unification Franz Josef I | |
| 24th June Solferino Defeated by the French in Piedmont's attempt to gain Lombardy or Venetia & unite Italy |
| Unification Bennigsen, Rudolf von | |
| 15th Sep The Nationalverein unites a "Little Germany " under Prussian leadership |
| Vice President Lowe | |
| Appointed Vice President of the Education Board |
