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| Abdication Ferdinand I |  |
| Dec Vienna Abdicates in favor of his nephew Francis Joseph after the revolution of 1848 |
| Abdication Franz Josef I | |
| Dec Vienna Ferdinand I abdicates in favour of his nehew, Franz Josef I |
| 2nd Dec Emperor Ferdinand abdicates |
| Abdication Schwarzenburg, Felix zu | |
| 2nd Dec Vienna Persuades Ferdinand I to abdicate |
| Abdication Charles X |  |
| 29th July Paris Deposed by Paris ian revolutionaries |
| Abdication Louis Phillipe | |
| 24th Feb Paris The Bourbon's are overthrown & the second Republic proclaimed |
| Abdication Louis I |  |
| Bavaria Abdicates in favour of his son Maximilian II at the outbreak of revolution |
| Abdication Ludwig I | |
| Bavaria Abdicates after an involvement with the dancer Lola Montez who dictated his policies |
| Ambassador Buol Schauenstein, Karl Ferdinand von | |
| Moscow Appointed Ambassador to Russia |
| Arrest Marx, Karl Heinrich | |
| Cologne Arrested on charges of inciting armed rebellion, acquitted |
| Battle of Boomplaats Smith, Harry |  |
| 29th Aug Boomplaats Defeats Pretorius , the Boers are forced to withdraw across the Vaal River |
| Battle of Boomplaats Pretorius, Andries Wilhemus Jacobus |  |
| 29th Aug Boomplaats Africa Defeated by the British, the Boers are forced to withdraw across the Vaal River |
| Battle of Custoza Radetzky, Johann Joseph Wenzel Anton | |
| 24th July Custoza Commands the Austrian army which defeats the Sardinians |
| 24th July Custoza Radetzky drives Charles Albert out of Lombardy |
| 24th July Custoza Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzky's occupation of Milan |
| Battle of Pakozd Jellacic, Josip |  |
| 29th Sep Pakoozd The Croatians are defeated by the Hungarians |
| Birth Otto | |
| Bavaria Birth of Otto, son of Maximilian II Joseph |
| Birth Balfour, Arthur James | |
| 25th July Whittinghame Birth of Arthur James Balfour, East Lothian |
| Birth Louise | |
| Birth of Louis e, 6th child of Queen Victoria & Prince Albert |
| Birth Louise of Argyll | |
| 18th Mar Birth of Louis e, 6th child of Victoria & Albert |
| Birth Victoria | |
| 18th Mar Birth of Louis e, 6th child of Victoria & Albert |
| Birth Bonerjee, Surendranath |  |
| 10th Nov Calcutta Birth of Surendranath Banerjee |
| Capture of Milan Radetzky, Johann Joseph Wenzel Anton | |
| 24th July Milan Victory at Custoza is followed by Radetzky's occupation of Milan |
| Capture of Punjab Ramsay | |
| Punjab Captures the Punjab |
| Chancellor Schwarzenburg, Felix zu | |
| Vienna Appointed Chancellor of Austria |
| Oct Vienna Appointed Prime Minister of Austria |
| Chancellor Charles Anthony | |
| Berlin Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| Commandant Gyulai |  |
| Trieste Appointed Commandant of Trieste concentration camp |
| Communist Paper Marx, Karl Heinrich | |
| Cologne Founds a Communist newspaper |
| Composition Verdi, Giuseppe |  |
| Composes, "Il corsaro" |
| Constitution Ferdinand I | |
| Vienna Founds a Provisional Parliament |
| 15th Mar Vienna Forced to promise a constitution |
| 11th April Vienna The Hungarian Kingdom becomes a constitutional monarchy |
| Constitution Schwarzenburg, Felix zu | |
| Vienna Draws up a centralized & absolutist state |
| Constitution Moltke, Adam Wilhelm |  |
| Copenhagen 1st Prime Minister of Danish parliamentary government |
| Constitution Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| Dec Berlin The Declaration of the Basic Rights , a model for all German democratic institutions |
| Constitution Batthyany | |
| Buda Every soldier is to take an oath of allegiance to the Government in Buda |
| Buda Heads the reformed & more representitive Diet which is to meet annually |
| Buda The military forces are reorganized into a national guard |
| Constitution Kossuth, Lajos | |
| 3rd Mar Declares in the Hungarian Diet it is time to end absolutism & the "Metternich System" |
| Constitution Fazy, Jean Jacob |  |
| Berne Author of the Constitution |
| Death Lamb, William | |
| 5th Nov London Death of William Lamb, suffers a stroke |
| Declaration of War Ferdinand I | |
| 22nd Mar Sardinia Sardinia-Piedmont declares war for the nationalists in Austria's Italian provinces |
| Demonstrations Ferdinand I | |
| Mar Kracow Demonstrations break out in Kracow |
| Mar Prague Demonstrations break out in Prague |
| May Innsbruck The Committee of Public Safety rules Vienna |
| May Innsbruck The Court flees to Innsbruck |
| May Vienna Students demonstrate over the limited franchise |
| Aug Vienna The Court returns to Vienna |
| Oct Vienna Ordering troops from Vienna to Hungary provkes further demonstrations |
| Oct Vienna The Court id forced to flee from Vienna again |
| Demonstrations Metternich | |
| 13th Mar Vienna Vienna students & artisans protest |
| Diplomacy Schleintiz, Alexander von | |
| Berlin Works for an Alliance between Russia, Germany & Austria against Great Britain |
| Discovery of Kelvin Scale Thomson, William | |
| Proposes the absolute Kelvin scale for measuring temperature |
| Dismissal Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre-Auguste | |
| Paris All Prefects & most sub-prefects are replaced by revolutionary Commissaries |
| Education Arthur, Chester Alan |  |
| Schenectady Graduates from Union College |
| Election Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre-Auguste | |
| 23rd April Elections take place to the Constituent Assembly |
| 23rd April Half the Deputies are monarchists divided into 300 Orleanists & 150 Legitimists |
| Election Napoleon III | |
| Elected to the National Assembly |
| Election Charles Anthony | |
| Presides over new elections to the Diet, results in a liberal victory |
| Election Vincke | |
| Vincke's moderates a landslide election victory to the Diet with 210 seats |
| Exile of Garibaldi Garibaldi, Guisseppe | |
| 21st June Nice Arrives at Nice from Exile in South America after hearing about civil unrest |
| 12th Dec Rome Arrives at Rome on the invitation of the Revolutionary Government |
| 12th Dec Arrives at Rome on the invitation of the Revolutionary Government |
| Exile of Marx Marx, Karl Heinrich | |
| Brussels Exiled by the Belgian Government after the publication of the "Communist Manifesto" |
| London Barred from France & Germany, spends the rest of his life in London |
| Exile of Metternich Metternich | |
| 15th Mar London Seeks exile in London |
| Exile of Wilhelm I Wilhelm I | |
| Berlin Flees to England because of his absolutism during the 1848 revolutions |
| Gagernsche Program Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| 17th Dec Introduces the Gagernsche Program, Austria is to be excluded from the new federal state, but bound to it by a treaty of Union |
| Governor Ramsay | |
| Appointed Governor General of India, 2nd term |
| Governor Kossuth, Lajos | |
| Appointed Governor of Hungary |
| Graduation Gladstone Gladstone, William Ewart | |
| Oxford Receives an honorary degree from Oxford University |
| Impeachment Temple, Henry John | |
| London Anstey wants Palmerston impeached for being a foreign agent since 1828 |
| Independence Ferdinand I | |
| May Croatia declares independence |
| Independence Kossuth, Lajos | |
| The Hungarian National Assembly appoints a Governor |
| Minister of Commerce Bruck, Karl Ludwig von | |
| Appointed Minister of Commerce |
| Minister of Education Carnot, Hippolyte | |
| Appointed Minister of Education |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Schwarzenburg, Felix zu | |
| Appointed Foreign Minister |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Schleinitz, Alexander von | |
| Appointed Foreign Minister |
| Minister of Interior Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre-Auguste | |
| Has the responsibility for organizing the election of a Constituent Assembly |
| Minister of Justice Bach, Alexander Freiherr von | |
| Appointed Minister of Justice |
| Minister of Justice Deak, Ferenc | |
| Appointed Minister of Justice |
| Minister of Two Sicilies Schwarzenburg, Felix zu | |
| Appointed Minister of Two Sicilies |
| Minister of War Arago, Francois | |
| Appointed Minister of War |
| Minister President Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| 17th Dec Appointed Minister President of the German Provisional Government |
| President Napoleon III | |
| 10th Dec Appointed President of France, appealing to the nostalgia of the "Napoleonic legend" |
| President Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| 19th May Appointed President of the Frankfurt Parliament |
| Prime Minister Moltke, Adam Wilhelm | |
| Appointed Prime Minister of Denmark |
| Prime Minister Kanaris, Constantine |  |
| 27th Oct Appointed Prime Minister of Greece, 2nd term |
| Prime Minister Batthyany | |
| Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary |
| Publication Engels, Friedrich | |
| Publication of, "Communist Manifesto", assists Marx |
| Publication Marx, Karl Heinrich | |
| Publication of, "Critique of Political Economy" |
| Publication of, "The Communist Manifesto" |
| Publication Bronte, Anne | |
| Publication of, "The Tennant of Wildfell Hall" |
| Rebellion Ferdinand I | |
| Milan Rebellion breaks out in Milan |
| Piedmont Piedmont declares war on Austro-Hungary |
| 15th Mar Pest A bloodless revolution in Pest leads to wider social representation in the Diet |
| 18th Mar Milan Italian revolutionaries rebel against Austrian rule |
| 22nd Mar Sardinia Sardinia-Piedmont declares war for the nationalists in Austria's Italian provinces |
| Rebellion Petofi, Sandor | |
| Vienna Publishes the "Twelve Points", a list of radical demmands |
| Rebellion Schwarzenburg, Felix zu | |
| Suppresses a rebellion in Hungary |
| Vienna Suppresses a rebellion in Italy |
| Rebellion Jellacic, Josip | |
| 17th Sep The Croats attack Hungary |
| Rebellion Frederick William IV | |
| Berlin Capitulates to the demands of the revolutionaries in Berlin |
| Berlin Contacts Metternich to reform the German |
