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| Arrest Alamgir |  |
| Agra Imprisons his brother Shah Jahan at Agra |
| Battle of Dunes, The Cromwell, Oliver |  |
| 14th June Dunes Victory for the French & English over the Spanish |
| Battle of Dunes, The Turenne |  |
| 14th June Dunes Victory for the French & English over the Spanish, Dunkirk surrenders |
| Battle of Samgarh Aurangzeb | |
| 15th June Samgarh The Mogul emperor Aurangzeb imprisons his father the Shah, after winning a battle at Samgarh |
| 25th June Samgarh In India Aurangzeb proclaims himself emperor of the Moghuls, after victory at Samgarh |
| Birth Mary of Modena | |
| London Birth of Mary of Modena, daughter of Alfonso IV of Modena |
| Burial Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 18th Oct London Lying-in-State from 18 October to 10 November at Somers et House |
| 18th Oct London Lying-in-State with an effigy, imitating the tradition of Kings |
| Capture of Dunkirk Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 14th June Dunkirk Dunkirk is surrendered |
| 14th June Dunkirk England captures Dunkirk from Spain |
| Capture of Dunkirk Lockhart, William | |
| 25th June London Louis XIV hands Dunkirk over to Lockhart |
| Capture of Dunkirk Louis XIV the Sun King | |
| 25th June Paris Hands Dunkirk over to Lockhart, the English Commander |
| 25th June Paris Marches into Dunkirk after its capture from the Spanish |
| Constitution Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 11th Mar The Upper House will consist of 70 members nominated by Cromwell |
| 11th June An Upper House is established by a Bill passed by Parliament |
| Constitution Packe, Christopher | |
| Presents the "Humble Petition & Advice" to the Commons to the Monarchy & the Lords |
| Coronation Alamgir | |
| 31st July Crowns himself Emperor with the title "Conqueror of the World" |
| Death Charles II | |
| 3rd Sep Death of Cromwell, it is certain the monarchy will be restored |
| 3rd Sep Hears of the death of Cromwell while in exile in the Netherlands |
| Death Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 3rd Sep Death of Oliver Cromwell |
| 3rd Sep Death of Oliver Cromwell, during a bout of malarial fever |
| Death Charles X Gustavus |  |
| 13th Feb Goteborg A regency of Swedish nobles is forced to sue for peace |
| Diplomacy Cromwell, Oliver | |
| London Sends 6,000 Ironsides to join up with Turenne's army of 20,000 |
| Edict Nantes Louis XIV the Sun King | |
| 18th Oct Nantes Revokes the edict in an effort to force all his subjects to practise Catholicism |
| Execution of Murad Alamgir | |
| Aurangzeb has Murad arrested after intoxicating him and later executes him, Murad's former supporters, instead of fighting for Murad, defect to Aurangzeb |
| Friday Mosque Aurangzeb | |
| Friday Mosque The Jami Masjid (Friday Mosque) is completed in Delhi. |
| Health Jahan | |
| Agra Falls ill, and is confined by his son Aurangzeb in the citadel of Agra until his death in 1666 |
| Invasion of Denmark Charles X Gustavus | |
| Jan Leads an invasion of Denmark & forces the Danes to sue for peace |
| June Invades when Denmark delays implementing the terms of the Treaty of Roeskilde |
| Legislation Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 11th June An Upper House is established by a Bill passed by Parliament |
| Lord Chancellor Hyde | |
| Appointed Lord Chancellor to Charles II in exile |
| Lord Chancellor Hyde, Edward | |
| Appointed Lord Chancellor to Charles II in exile |
| Lord Protector Cromwell, Richard | |
| Appointed Lord Protector |
| 3rd Sep Appointed Lord Protector, 3 hrs after the death of his father Oliver Cromwell |
| Peace Alexis I Mikhaylovich |  |
| Dec Makes peace having failed to succesfully attack Riga & Livonia |
| Dec Russia signs a 3 yr truce with Sweden |
| Peerage Rich III | |
| Warwick Created Earl Warwick |
| Petition Humble Packe, Christopher | |
| Presents the "Humble Petition & Advice" to the Commons restoring the Monarchy & Lords |
| Publication Pugh, Thomas | |
| Claims Cromwell is descended from the Princes of Britain |
| Publication of, "British & Outlandish Prophecies" |
| Rebellion Alamgir | |
| Shuja battles his brother, but his forces suffered a series of defeats at Aurangzeb's hands, Shuja goes into exile in Arakan, Myanmar where he disappears, and is presumed to be dead |
| Rebellion Shuja | |
| Shuja battles his brother, but his forces suffered a series of defeats at Aurangzeb's hands, Shuja goes into exile in Arakan, Myanmar where he disappears, and is presumed to be dead |
| Reform Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 11th Mar The Upper House will have 70 members nominated by Cromwell to balance the Commons |
| Resignation Nikon, Patriarch | |
| Moscow Threatens to resign to speed up Church Reforms, to his surprise the offer is accepted |
| Restoration Fairfax, Thomas | |
| Supports the restoration of a constitutional monarchy |
| Restoration Packe, Christopher | |
| Presents the "Humble Petition & Advice" to the Commons restoring the Monarchy & Lords |
| Rule of Dunkirk Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 14th June Dunkirk Dunkirk remains in English hands until Charles II sells it to Louis XIV in 1662 |
| Rule of Hindustan Alamgir | |
| Hindustan Aurangzeb rules Hindustan for 48 years, expands the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, encompassing all but the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent |
| Siege of Copenhagen Charles X Gustavus | |
| July Copenhagen The Swedish under Wrangel are held at Copenhagen |
| 29th Oct Copenhagen A Dutch-English fleet relieves the Swedish siege of Copenhagen |
| Siege of Kronerg Charles X Gustavus | |
| Sep Kronberg International interest grows & prevents Charles from controlling the Sound |
| Siege of Livonia Alexis I Mikhaylovich | |
| Dec Livonia Makes peace having failed to succesfully attack Riga & Livonia |
| Siege of Riga Alexis I Mikhaylovich | |
| Dec Riga Makes peace having failed to succesfully attack Riga & Livonia |
| Succession Alamgir | |
| Allows Dara's son Sulaiman to escape via the Himalayan foothills and join his father in Punjab, Aurangzeb offers Shuja the governorship of Bengal isolating Dara and causing more troops to defect to Aurangzeb |
| Aurangzeb rules Hindustan for 48 years, expands the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, encompassing all but the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent |
| Dara gathers his forces, and moves to the Punjab, the army sent against Shuja is trapped in the east, its generals Jai Singh I and Diler Khan, submitted to Aurangzeb |
| Last of the Mughal Emperors, takes the title of Alamgir |
| Ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until his death, the sixth Mughal ruler after Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan |
| Shuja battles his brother, but his forces suffered a series of defeats at Aurangzeb's hands, Shuja goes into exile in Arakan, Myanmar where he disappears, and is presumed to be dead |
| Succeeds as Shah of India after killing his brothers |
| With Shuja and Murad disposed of, and with his father Shah Jahan confined in Agra, Aurangzeb pursues Dara, chasing him across the northwest bounds of the empire, Dara is betrayed by one of his generals |
| Succession Aurangzeb | |
| 25th June In India Aurangzeb proclaims himself emperor of the Moghuls, after victory at Samgarh |
| Succession Dara | |
| With Shuja and Murad disposed of, and with his father Shah Jahan confined in Agra, Aurangzeb pursues Dara, chasing him across the northwest bounds of the empire, Dara is betrayed by one of his generals |
| Treaty of Charles II Charles II | |
| 2nd April Charles agrees to revoke anti-Catholic laws |
| 2nd April Spain agrees to open its ports to Royalist privateers & supports restoration |
| 2nd April Spain agrees to support the exiled King & his brother James |
| 2nd April The Spanish agree to help restore Charles II |
| 2nd April Will support Irish Catholics & give Spain support against France after his restoration |
| Treaty of Roeskilde Charles X Gustavus | |
| 27th Feb Roeskilde Denmark relinquishes its possesions in the Swedish peninsular |
| Treaty of Roskilde Charles X Gustavus | |
| Roskilde Wins back the lands of southern Sweden from Denmark |
| Treaty of Spain Charles II Philip IV |  |
| The Spanish agree to help restore Charles II to the English throne |
