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| Arrest Fox, George |  |
| Derby Imprisoned for blasphemy |
| Arrest Graham, James |  |
| 30th April Ardvreck Arrested & taken to Ardvreck Castle |
| 31st April Ardvreck Arrested at Ardvreck Castle on Loch Assynt & handed over to the Covenanters |
| 31st April Ardvreck Montrose is betrayed his host Neil Macleod of Assynt at Ardvreck Castle |
| 5th May Ardvreck Taken from Ardvreck Castle & handed over to General Leslie |
| 18th May Edinburgh Led through Edinburgh by the Covenantors but his courage raises admiration |
| 18th May Leith Taken through Fife & shipped to Leith |
| Battle of Carbisdale Graham, James | |
| 27th April Carbisdale Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hills |
| 27th April Carbisdale Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hilss |
| Battle of Cartagena Blake, Robert | |
| Cartagena Chases the Royalist fleet from Kinsale to Lisbon & Cartagena where it is destroyed |
| Battle of Clonmel O'Neill, Hugh Dubh |  |
| 17th May Clonmel Cromwell's 8000 men eventually take the town from its 1000 Irish defenders, but not before they suffer heavy losses |
| 17th May Clonmel Cromwell's men are trapped by Hugh Dubh O'Neill, 2,500 are killed |
| Battle of Clonmel Ireland Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 17th May Clonmel Cromwell's 8000 men eventually take the town from its 1000 Irish defenders, but not before they suffer heavy losses |
| Battle of Dunbar Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 2nd Sep Dunbar Writes "Out lying here daily consumeth our men who fall sick beyond imagination" |
| 3rd Sep Dunbar After the battle Cromwell is in control of southern Scotland & the route to Edinburgh |
| 3rd Sep Dunbar Defeats a Scottish Army of 22,000 with 3,500 horse & 7,500 foot of his own, 3,000 killed to the Roundheads 30 killed |
| Battle of Dunbar Fleetwood, Charles | |
| 3rd Sep Dunbar Helps Cromwell defeat the Scottish Army |
| Battle of Dunbar Lambert, John | |
| 2nd Sep Dunbar Convinces the Council of War that the Scots are vulnerable at Dunbar |
| 3rd Sep Dunbar Leads a cavalry charge leaving the Scots with 3,000 killed to the Roundhead's 30 |
| Battle of Dunbar Monck, George | |
| 3rd Sep Dunbar Commands a brigade of Foot |
| Battle of Dunbar Overton, Robert | |
| 3rd Sep Dunbar Overton commands a brigade of Foot at the battle of Dunbar |
| Battle of Dunbar Pride, Thomas | |
| 3rd Sep Dunbar Commands a brigade of Foot |
| Battle of Edinburgh Graham, James | |
| 20th May Edinburgh Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenantors |
| Battle of Haddington Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 31st Aug Haddington Marches to Haddington persued by Leslie who puts Cromwell's rearguard into disorder |
| Birth Churchill, John | |
| 26th May Ashe Birth of John Churcill, Devon to an impoverished gentry family |
| 26th May Ashe Born at Ashe, Devon to an impoverished gentry family |
| Birth Mary | |
| 4th Nov Birth of William III, son of William II Prince of Orange & Mary Stuart |
| Birth William III | |
| 4th Nov Birth of William III, son of William II Prince of Orange & Mary Stuart |
| Birth William II |  |
| 4th Nov Birth of William III, son of William II Prince of Orange & Mary Stuart |
| Capture of Caithness Graham, James | |
| Caithness Arrives from the Orkneys with a Royalist invasion force of about 1,500 |
| Civil War England Graham, James | |
| Caithness Arrives from the Orkneys with a Royalist invasion force of about 1,500 |
| Mar Orkneys Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys |
| April Thurso Arrives at Thurso with the intention of joining up with the Mackenzies in Inverness |
| 25th April Strath Oykel Reaches Strath Oykel waiting to be joined by the Monroes & Rosses |
| 27th April Strath Oykel Defeated by a royalist cavalry led by Colonel Strachan |
| 31st April Ardvreck Arrested at Ardvreck Castle on Loch Assynt & handed over to the Covenanters |
| 20th May Edinburgh Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenantors |
| 21st May Edinburgh Death of James Graham, executed for treason by order of the English Parliament |
| Civil War England Leslie, Alexander | |
| 31st Aug Haddington Persues Cromwell's forces to Haddington & creates disorder among the rearguard |
| 1st Sep Doon Hill Persues Cromwell & that evening posts the Scots at Doon Hill about 2 miles from Dunbar |
| 3rd Sep Dunbar Commands the Scottish Army which is defeated by Oliver Cromwell |
| 3rd Sep Dunbar Defeated despite having a force of 22,000, a 2:1 advantage |
| Civil War England Macleod, James | |
| 31st April Ardvreck Montrose is betrayed his host Neil Macleod of Assynt at Ardvreck Castle |
| Civil War England Monck, George | |
| London Appointed Major General for Ulster |
| Commander Cromwell, Oliver | |
| London Appointed Commander-in-Chief |
| Coup d'Etat Charles X Gustavus |  |
| Forces the nobility to recognise him as the heir to the throne |
| Stockholm Forces the nobility to recognise him as the heir to the throne |
| Death Descartes, Rene |  |
| 1st Feb Death of Renes Descartes |
| Death Graham, James | |
| 21st May Edinburgh Death of James Graham, executed for treason by order of the English Parliament |
| Discovery of Lymphatic Syste Rudbeck, Olof | |
| Discovers the Lymphatic System |
| Execution of Graham Graham, James | |
| 20th May Edinburgh Sentenced to death, refuses to repent |
| 21st May Edinburgh Executed at Market Cross for treason by order of the English Parliament |
| Exile of Bennett Bennett, Henry | |
| Bennett joins the exiled Royal family |
| Governor Willoughby | |
| Barbados Appointed Governor of Barbados |
| Independence William II | |
| 6th Nov Hague, The Sovereignty of the Provinces is declared by a General Assembly of 7 Provinces |
| Invasion of Scotland Charles II | |
| April Caithness Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II |
| Invasion of Scotland Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 28th June Sets off with a force to invade Scotland |
| 22nd July Cross es the Scottish border at the head of an Army of 16,000 |
| 30th Aug Musselburgh Holds a council of war & decides to retreat to Dunbar & fortify the town |
| Invasion of Scotland Fleetwood, Charles | |
| 28th June Cross es the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell |
| Invasion of Scotland Lambert, John | |
| 28th June Cross es the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell |
| Invasion of Scotland Whalley, Edward | |
| 28th June Cross es the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell |
| Invasion of Scotland Graham, James | |
| Caithness Arrives from the Orkneys with a Royalist invasion force of about 1,500 |
| Mar Orkneys Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys |
| 27th April Carbisdale Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hills |
| Invasion of Scotland Leslie, Alexander | |
| Jan Defends Scotland from invasion by Oliver Cromwell after Charles II lands in Scotland |
| Major Monck, George | |
| London Appointed Major General for Ulster |
| Mobilization Monck, George | |
| 2nd Sep London Advises Crowmell of a way of attacking the Scots |
| Privy Council Villiers | |
| London Appointed Member of the Privy Council |
| Privy Council Villiers, George | |
| London Appointed Member of the Privy Council |
| Publication Pell, John | |
| Publication of, "An Idea of the Mathematics, I2iflO" |
| Rebellion Alexis I Mikhaylovich |  |
| Novgorod A rebellion at Novgorod is caused by bad harvests, plague & oppression by landlords |
| Pskov A rebellion at Pskov is caused by bad harvests, plague & oppression by landlords |
| Removal Kings Arms Cromwell, Oliver | |
| London Orders removal of the Kings Arms & replacing it with the Arms of the Commonwealth |
| Resignation Fairfax, Thomas | |
| Resigns as Commander of the New Model Army |
| Siege of Caithness Charles II | |
| April Caithness Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II |
| Siege of Caithness Graham, James | |
| Caithness Arrives from the Orkneys with a Royalist invasion force of about 1,500 |
| Siege of Carbisdale Graham, James | |
| 27th April Carbisdale Wounded & defeated in battle, the invasion is defeated & Montrose flees to the hilss |
| Siege of Clonmel Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 17th May Clonmel Cromwell's men are trapped by Hugh Dubh O'Neill, 2,500 are killed |
| Siege of Dunbar Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 30th Aug Dunbar Decides to Fortify Dunbar in the hope of provoking Leslie into battle |
| 30th Aug Dunbar Holds a council of war & decides to retreat to Dunbar & fortify the town |
| 1st Sep Dunbar Offers the Scots battle, they refuse & Cromwell falls back to Dunbar |
| Siege of Edinburgh Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep Edinburgh Begins the siege of Edinburgh after victory at Dunbar |
| 24th Dec Edinburgh The garrison at Edinburgh surrenders to Cromwell |
| Siege of Edinburgh Graham, James | |
| 20th May Edinburgh Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenantors |
| Siege of Orkneys Graham, James | |
| Mar Orkneys Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys |
| Trial Graham, James | |
| 20th May Edinburgh Sentenced to death, refuses to repent |
