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| Alliance Charles I |  |
| 10th Aug Edinburgh Arrives in Scotland to form an Alliance against Parliament |
| Alliance John IV |  |
| Signs a Treaty of friendship & commerce with Sweden |
| Arrest Laud, William | |
| 12th May Tower of London Imprisoned after being impeached for high treason by the Long Parliament |
| Arrest Palmer, Geoffrey | |
| Tower of London Arrested by Parliament for oposing the Grand Remonstrance |
| Tower of London Arrested by Parliament & kept in the Tower |
| Arrest Rupert of the Rhine |  |
| Dec Linz Released by Emperor Ferdinand III at the instigation of Archduke Leopold William |
| Arrest Graham, James |  |
| Nov Edinburgh Arrested by Argyll |
| Battle of Cape St Vincent Ruyter, Michael Adriaanszoon de |  |
| Cape Vincent Distinguishes himself at the Battle of Cape St Vincent |
| Battle of Marfee Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis de |  |
| 6th July Marfee The Comte de Soissons wins a victory, but is killed in battle |
| Battle of Newburn Charles I | |
| Newburn Scottish Bishops occupy Newcastle & 6 northern counties after the battle of Newburn |
| Birth Ietsuna |  |
| Birth of Ietsuna, son of Iemitsu |
| Capture of Malacca William II | |
| Malacca The Netherlands captures Malacca from the Portuguese |
| Capture of Newcastle Charles I | |
| Newcastle Scottish Bishops occupy Newcastle & 6 northern counties after the battle of Newburn |
| Chamber Charles I | |
| 5th July The Long Parliament abolishes the Star Chamber |
| Commander MacDonnell | |
| May Appointed Commander of the "New Army" by Charles I |
| Commander Torstenson |  |
| Appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Swedish army in Germany |
| Composition Monteverdi, Claudio |  |
| Composes, "Il Ritorno D'ulisse In Patria" |
| Constitution Charles I | |
| 16th Feb Provides for minimum 50 day sessions of Parliament which must be called every 3 yrs |
| 16th Feb Signs the Triennial Act, Parliament must meet every 3 yrs |
| May The Triennial Act permits Parliament to assemble every 3 yrs without royal initiative |
| 11th May Parliament cannot be dissolved against its will |
| Aug Edinburgh Forced to grant the Scottish Parliament stronger controls than Westminster |
| 27th Nov Charles I must accept the Grand Remonstrance and allow circulation of its copies, a document that outlines the crimes that officials had accused Charles of committing during his reign |
| Constitution Hopton | |
| 25th Nov Sir Ralph Hopton presents Charles I with the Grand Remonstrance |
| Constitution Pym, John | |
| 8th Nov The King must use counsellors & ministers approved by Parliament |
| Court Charles I | |
| 5th July The High Court of Charles I is abolished by the Long Parliament |
| Death Evelyn, John | |
| 12th May Tower Hill Witnesses the execution of Strafford, "the wisest head in England" |
| Death Wentworth, Thomas | |
| 12th May Tower Hill Death of Thomas Wentworth |
| Demonstrations Charles I | |
| Dec London Demonstrations occur against the King, "roundheads" & "cavaliers" |
| Diplomacy Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis de | |
| Paris The Marquise de Cinq-Mars makes a secret Treaty with Spain |
| Dismissal Charles I | |
| London Dismisses Henry Vane as Secretary of State, leader of the opposition in Parliament |
| Dismissal Vane | |
| London Dismised by Charles I, leader of the King's opposition in Parliament |
| Economy Charles I | |
| 7th Aug Ship Money is abolished by the Long Parliament |
| Election Charles I | |
| Dec City of London Returns a majority for Parliament in the common council |
| Episcopacy Cromwell, Oliver | |
| 12th May London Cromwell & Vane introduce an Act for the abolition of episcopacy |
| Execution of Strafford Charles I | |
| 10th May London Signs the Act of Attainder against Strafford |
| 11th May London Sends the Prince of Wales to the House of Lords to plead mercy for Strafford |
| 12th May Tower Hill Strafford is executed for treason |
| Execution of Stratford Evelyn, John | |
| 12th May Tower Hill Witnesses the execution of Strafford, "the wisest head in England" |
| Execution of Wentworth Wentworth, Thomas | |
| 12th May Tower Hill Strafford is executed for treason for trying to use force against Parliament |
| Grand Remonstrance Charles I | |
| 28th Oct Leith News of Pym's Grand Remonstrance against the King reaches Charles I |
| 23rd Nov The Grand Remonstrance is passed in Parliament by 11 votes |
| 25th Nov Sir Ralph Hopton presents Charles I with the Grand Remonstrance |
| 27th Nov A "grand remonstrance" is carried by Parliament, listing the King's misdeeds |
| 27th Nov Charles I must accept the Grand Remonstrance and allow circulation of its copies, a document that outlines the crimes that officials had accused Charles of committing during his reign |
| 1st Dec Hampton Court Receives a deputation from Parliament delivering the Grand Remonstrance |
| 2nd Dec Continues policy of not dealing directly with the Grand Remonstrance |
| Grand Remonstrance Palmer, Geoffrey | |
| London Moves those who voted against the Grand Remonstrance should protest to the King |
| Grand Remonstrance Pym, John | |
| London The Root-and-Branch Bill excluding bishops from the Commons is passed by the Commons |
| London The Root-and-Branch Bill excluding bishops from the Commons is rejected by the Lords |
| 1st Nov London News of Pym's Grand Remonstrance against the King Reaches Parliament |
| 23rd Nov London Parliament lists the Kings misdeeds |
| 23rd Nov London The Grand Remonstrance is passed in Parliament by 11 votes, 159 to 148 |
| Impeachment Laud, William | |
| 12th May Tower of London Imprisoned after being impeached for high treason by the Long Parliament |
| Impeachment Wentworth, Thomas | |
| 30th Jan London Strafford's impeachment papers are sent to the Lords |
| Invasion of England Leslie, Alexander | |
| Occupies North Eastern England |
| 21st Aug Newcastle Leslie's Army leaves Newcastle & the Covenantors begin to disband their armies |
| Invasion of France Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis de | |
| July Marfee The Comte de Soissons invades France with Spanish help |
| 6th July Marfee The Comte de Soissons wins a victory but is killed in battle |
| Legislation Charles I | |
| Passes an Act abolishing Star Chamber |
| 16th Feb Charles I signsTriennial Act, which requires Parliament to meet every three years with or without the King's consent |
| 16th Feb Signs the Triennial Act, Parliament must meet every 3 yrs |
| Lieutenant Tower Charles I | |
| Dec Tower of London Appoints Lunsford Lieutenant of the Tower but forced to cancel this by the City |
| Dec Tower of London Forced by the City to appoint John Byron as Lieutenant of the Tower |
| Lord High Chancellor Brahe | |
| Appointed Lord High Chancellor |
| Lord Mayor Gurney, Richard | |
| Appointed Lord Mayor of London, a supporter of the King |
| Marriage Mary | |
| 2nd May London Marries Prince William II of Orange |
| Marriage William III | |
| 20th April Marries Mary, daughter of Charles I of England |
| Marriage William II | |
| Marries Mary, daughter of Charles I of England |
| Parliament Charles I | |
| 6th April London A resolution compels the King to make no military move without Parliament's consent |
| 7th Aug London Ship Money is abolished by the Long Parliament |
| 2nd Dec London Continues policy of not dealing directly with the Grand Remonstrance |
| Parliament Haslerig, Arthur | |
| 7th Dec London Presents the Militia Bill for placing military & naval appointments under Parliament |
| 7th Dec London The Militia Bill passes its 1st reading, 158 votes to 125 |
| Parliament Laud, William | |
| 12th May London Imprisoned after being impeached for high treason by the Long Parliament |
| Parliament Pym, John | |
| London Moves Bishops should not have political power in Parliament, a challenge to the King |
| Parliament Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis de | |
| Paris Forbids Parliament to take part in the affairs of State |
| Peerage Leslie, Alexander | |
| Balgonie Created Lord Balgonie |
| Leven Created Earl of Leven, 1st |
| Plot Pym, John | |
| 9th Dec London 3 Royalist MPs are expelled from Parliament for involvement in an Army conspiracy |
| Publication Decartes, Rene | |
| Publication of, "Meditations on First philosophy", states "I think therefore I am" |
| Rear Admiral Ruyter, Michael Adriaanszoon de | |
| Appointed Rear Admiral |
| Rebellion Charles I | |
| 23rd Oct Irish Catholics rebel against the Puritan Parliament in England |
| Nov Ulster A rebellion breaks out in Ulster |
| 12th Dec Enters the House of Lords & demands supplies to protect his subjects |
| 12th Dec Enters the Lords & demands supplies to protect subjects who are being defeated |
| Rebellion Cromwell, Oliver | |
| London Challenges the right of the King to command the army during a crisis |
| London Moves in Parliament the Trained Bands be placed under Essex during the rebellion |
| London Challenges the right of the King to command the army during a crisis |
| London Moves in Parliament the Trained Bands be placed under the Earl of Essex |
| Rebellion Pym, John | |
| Nov Ulster Insists that Parliament should establish control in Ireland |
| Rebellion O'Neill, Phelim |  |
| Nov Ulster Leads a rebellion in Ulster, claiming support from Charles I |
| Rebellion Monck, George | |
| Monck Becomes Colonel of Lord Leicester's regiment |
| Reform Charles I | |
| Commands that the neglected Common Prayer be read throughout England |
| London Passes an Act abolishing Ship Money |
| London Passes an Act abolishing Star Chamber |
| London Passes an Act which abolishes the High Commission |
| 16th Feb Provides for minimum 50 day sessions of Parliament which must be called every 3 yrs |
| 2nd Dec London Visits Parliament & consents to the Tonnage & Poundage Bill |
| Reform Haslerig, Arthur | |
| 7th Dec London Presents the Militia Bill for placing military & naval appointments under Parliament |
| Reform Laud, William | |
| All of Laud's reforms are decreed abolished by Parliament |
| Reform Pym, John | |
| 8th Nov The King must use counsellors & ministers approved by Parliament |
| Rule of Portugal Louis XIII | |
| 23rd Jan Paris The Cortes offers the Portuguese throne to Louis XIII |
| Secretary of State Nicholas, Edward | |
| Appointed Secretary of State, 1st term |
| Siege of Hull Hotham, John | |
| 24th April Hull Persuaded by Parliament to forbid Charles I access to the garrison town of Hull |
| Siege of Newcastle Charles I | |
| Newcastle Scottish Bishops occupy Newcastle & 6 northern counties after the battle of Newburn |
| Siege of Newcastle Leslie, Alexander | |
| 21st Aug Newcastle Leslie's Army leaves Newcastle & the Covenantors begin to disband their armies |
| Solicitor General St John, Oliver | |
| Appointed Solicitor General |
| Star Chamber Charles I | |
| 5th July The Long Parliament abolishes the Star Chamber |
| Star Chamber Laud, William | |
| Canterbury Uses Star Chamber & the Court of High Commission against Calvinism & Presbyterianism |
| Taxation Charles I | |
| 7th Aug London Ship Money is abolished by the Long Parliament |
| Treaty of Olivares |  |
| The Marquise de Cinq-Mars makes a secret Treaty with Spain |
| Trial Charles I | |
| 22nd Mar London Attends the trial of Strafford, his ablest Minister |
| 8th May London Assents to the bill of attainder against Strafford |
| Trial Wentworth, Thomas | |
| 22nd Mar London Beginning of Strafford's trial |
| 22nd Mar London The King's ablest Minister is impeached for treason by the Long Parliament |
| 8th May London The Lords pass a bill of attainder against Strafford |
