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| Arrest Rupert of the Rhine |  |
| 10th Oct Linz Imprisoned at Linz Castle, 1638-1641 |
| 10th Oct Vloto Captured by the Imperial forces during Charles Louis ' invasion of the Palatinate |
| Assembly of Scotland Charles I |  |
| 24th Nov Glasgow Charles ' commissioner try to close the Assembly but they are ignored |
| Birth Louis XIII |  |
| 5th Sep Paris Birth of Louis XIV, by Anne of Austria |
| Birth Louis XIV the Sun King | |
| 5th Sep Paris Birth of Louis XIV the Sun King, son of Louis XIII & Anne of Austria |
| Bronx Bronck, Jonas |  |
| 9th Aug Bronx 1st European settler in the Bronx |
| Capture of Baghdad Murad IV |  |
| 24th Dec Baghdad Recaptures Baghdad from Safavid Persia |
| Capture of Breisach Olivares |  |
| 17th Dec Breisach The French capture Breisach |
| 17th Dec Breisach The French cut the Spanish Road linking Spain with The Netherlands |
| Commander Leslie, Alexander |  |
| Appointed Commander of the Covenantors during the Bishops War |
| Constitution Charles I | |
| Berwick Charles I concedes the Scottish right to free church assembly and a free parliament |
| 24th Nov Glasgow Charles ' commissioner try to close the Assembly but they are ignored |
| Constitution Graham, James | |
| Charles I concedes the Scottish right to free church assembly and a free parliament |
| Episcopacy Charles I | |
| A general assembly of the Scottish church abolishes the episcopacy |
| 24th Nov Glasgow The episcopacy is abolished |
| Episcopacy Graham, James | |
| A general assembly of the Scottish church abolishes the episcopacy |
| General Assembly Hamilton, James | |
| 24th Nov Glasgow Tries to close the General Assembly but is ignored & episcopacy is abolished |
| Governor Astley, Jacob | |
| Plymouth Appointed Governor of Plymouth |
| Invasion of Fuentarrabia Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis de | |
| Fuentarrabia French troops invade Fuentarrabia, Pyrenees |
| Invasion of Palatinate Rupert of the Rhine | |
| 10th Oct Vloto Captured by the Imperial forces during Charles Louis ' invasion of the Palatinate |
| Massacre Christians Iemutsu |  |
| Shimabara Orders the massacre of Chris tians at Shimabara Peninsular |
| Mobilization Graham, James | |
| Mar Helps raise a Covenantor Army to oppose the Royalist |
| National Covenant Charles I | |
| The Scottish National Covenant is founded, "in defence of the true reformed religion" |
| National Covenant Graham, James | |
| 28th Feb Edinburgh Signs the National Covenant in Greyfriars Kirkyard to restore Presbyterianism |
| Pacification Berwick Charles I | |
| Berwick Charles I concedes the Scottish right to free church assembly and a free parliament |
| Berwick The 1st Bishop's War ends without fighting by the Pacification of Berwick |
| Pacification Berwick Graham, James | |
| Charles I concedes the Scottish right to free church assembly and a free parliament |
| The 1st Bishop's War ends without fighting by the Pacification of Berwick |
| Parliament Wentworth, Thomas | |
| Advises Charles I to open Parliament to defeat the Scots after the Berwick treaty |
| Rebellion Charles I | |
| The Scots rebel against the Church worship which Charles designed for them |
| London Parliament refuses money & Charles is defeated |
| The Scots rebel against the Church worship which Charles designed for them |
| The Scottish National Covenant is founded, "in defence of the true reformed religion" |
| July Charles I advises his Privy Council he will have to use force against the Covenantors |
| Nov Agrees to a General Assembly of the Church of Scotland which meets at Glasgow |
| Nov Support for the Covenant grows under the leadership of Montrose & Argyll |
| Nov The Scots Church Assembly decideds that bishops should be deposed or excommunicated |
| Rebellion Graham, James | |
| A general assembly of the Scottish church abolishes the episcopacy |
| Signs the National Covenant after the new book of canons & a new prayer book |
| 28th Feb Edinburgh Signs the National Covenant in Greyfriars Kirkyard to restore Presbyterianism |
| Mar Edinburgh Copies of the Covenant are carried to all parts of Scotland |
| Nov Support for the Covenant grows under the leadership of Montrose & Argyll |
| Nov Edinburgh The Scots Church Assembly decideds that bishops should be deposed or excommunicated |
| Succession Charles Emmanuel II |  |
| Succeeds as Duke of Italy |
| Treaty of Hamburg Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis de | |
| Mar Paris Renews the Alliance with Sweden for an annual payment of 1 million livres |
