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| Adviser Stewart, James |  |
| After the return of his half-sister Queen Mary in 1561, he becomes her chief adviser |
| Ambassador Rizzio, David |  |
| Appointed Assistant to the Italian Ambasador to Scotland |
| Arrest Seymour, Edward |  |
| Tower of London Imprisoned for marrying Lady Catherine Grey without the Queen's permission |
| Battle of Corrichie Stewart, James | |
| Corrichie Defeats arebellion by George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, at Corrichie near Aberdeen |
| Birth Bacon, Francis | |
| 22nd Jan Birth of Francis Bacon |
| Birth Seymour, Edward | |
| Birth of Edward Seymour |
| Capital Philip II |  |
| Madrid Philip II makes Madrid the capital of Spain |
| Catholic League Francis of Guise |  |
| April Opposed to the policy of concessions which Catherine de' Medici attempted to inaugurate in favour of the Protestants |
April The plan of the Triumvirate is to treat with Habsburg Spain and the Holy See, and also to come to an understanding with the Lutheran princes of Germany  to induce them to abandon the idea of relieving the French Protestants |
| April To defend the Catholic cause, Fran‡ois de Guise forms with his old enemy, the Constable de Montmorency and the Mar‚chal de Saint-Andr‚ the so-called triumvirate at the head of the Catholic League |
| Colloquy Poissy Louis I de Bourbon | |
| Poissy Makes an abortive attempt to achieve a Protestant-Catholic compromise |
| Council Erskine Erskine, John | |
| Appointed Member of Mary Stuart's Council |
| Council of the North Manners | |
| Appointed President of the Council of the North |
| Diplomacy Elizabeth I | |
| London Pius IV sends an envoy to Elizabeth asking her to return to Catholicism |
| Discovery of Fallopian Tubes Fallopius, Gabriello | |
| Discovers the fallopian tubes |
| Edict January Louis I de Bourbon | |
| Makes an abortive attempt to achieve a Protestant-Catholic compromise |
| Edict Orleans Louis I de Bourbon | |
| Orleans The persecution of French Huguenots is suspended by the Edict of Orleans |
| Exile Allen, William | |
Louvain Goes intoexile at Louvain University, The Netherlands  |
| Governor Louis I de Bourbon | |
| Picardy Appointed Governor of Picardy |
| Marriage William I the Silent | |
| Narries Anne of Egmont & Buren |
| Marriage Rizzio, David | |
| Helps arrange the marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to Lord Darnley |
| Marriage Douglas, Margaret | |
| Marries Edward Crichton, 7th Lord Crichton of Sanquhar |
| Peerage Dudley | |
| Warwick Created Earl of Warwick, 21st |
| Persecution Louis I de Bourbon | |
| Orleans The persecution of French Huguenots is suspended by the Edict of Orleans |
| Private Foreign Secretary Rizzio, David | |
| Appointed Private Foreign Secretary for Mary Queen of Scots |
| Privy Council Douglas, James | |
| Appointed Privy Councillor |
| Privy Council Hepburn, James | |
| Appointed Privy Councillor |
| Restoration Mary of Scots | |
| Moray is sent by the Scottish estates to France to invite Mary back to Scotland |
| Restoration Stewart, James | |
| Moray is sent by the Scottish estates to France to invite Mary back to Scotland |
| Rule of Holland Philip II | |
| Madrid A Papal Bull enables furtherruleof the Netherlands from Madrid |
| Secretary of Scotland Maitland | |
| Appointed Secretary of State to Queen Mary |
| Treaty of Edinburgh Mary of Scots | |
| Edinburgh Mary will only ratify thetreaty of Edinburgh if Elizabeth recognizes her as her heir |
| Aug Edinburgh Refused passage through England because she will not ratify the Treaty of Edinburgh |
| Triumvirate Francis of Guise | |
| April The plan of the Triumvirate is to treat with Habsburg Spain and the Holy See, and also to come to an understanding with the Lutheran princes of Germany to induce them to abandon the idea of relieving the French Protestants |
| Unification Sigismund II Augustus |  |
| Unites Livonia with the Duchy of Lithuania |
| Valet de Chambre Rizzio Rizzio, David | |
| Appointed Valet de Chambre for Mary Queen of Scots |
